Comparison of artifacts between paste and collodion method of electrode application in pediatric EEG

© 2019 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Objectives: Children pose challenges to obtain quality EEG data due to excessive artifact. Collodion is used in EEG electrodes due to its water resistance and strong adhesive qualities. This study was done to evaluate differences in artifacts between the collodion and paste method. Methods: 115 subjects (children age \u3e3 years) were randomized into paste and collodion groups and artifacts evaluated at baseline and every hour over 30 s increments. Age, sleep state, and number of electrodes with artifact were also documented. T-test was performed to determine differences in the various parameters between the two groups. Results: 61 subjects were in the paste group and 54 in the collodion group. Mean of total seconds of artifact from 0 to 24 h were 41.8 s in paste group versus 30.3 s in collodion group (P = 0.02). Children \u3e11 years old had less artifact than younger children from 0 to 24 h (24.3 versus 41.2 s, P = 0.03), and from 24 to 48 h (33.1 versus 43.1 s, P = 0.03). There was a significant effect of sleep vs. awake state recordings on artifact from 0 to 24 h (30.3 versus 50.2 s, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Electrode problems are common with both collodion and paste in prolonged AEEG monitoring. However, for studies less than 24 h, collodion may be a better alternative. Significance: Our study provides evidence that in some cases collodion may be a better alternative to paste in terms of decreased artifacts

Resistance to DNA Damaging agents produced invasive phenotype of rat glioma cells-characterization of a new in vivo model

Chemoresistance and invasion properties are severe limitations to efficient glioma therapy. Therefore, development of glioma in vivo models that more accurately resemble the situation observed in patients emerges. Previously, we established RC6 rat glioma cell line resistant to DNA damaging agents including antiglioma approved therapies such as 3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ). Herein, we evaluated the invasiveness of RC6 cells in vitro and in a new orthotopic animal model. For comparison, we used C6 cells from which RC6 cells originated. Differences in cell growth properties were assessed by real-time cell analyzer. Cells’ invasive potential in vitro was studied in fluorescently labeled gelatin and by formation of multicellular spheroids in hydrogel. For animal studies, fluorescently labeled cells were inoculated into adult male Wistar rat brains. Consecutive coronal and sagittal brain sections were analyzed 10 and 25 days post-inoculation, while rats’ behavior was recorded during three days in the open field test starting from 25th day post-inoculation. We demonstrated that development of chemoresistance induced invasive phenotype of RC6 cells with significant behavioral impediments implying usefulness of orthotopic RC6 glioma allograft in preclinical studies for the examination of new approaches to counteract both chemoresistance and invasion of glioma cells

How local governments can increase the social and economic participation of people with disability

This resource provides a national framework for local governments across Australia which recognises that responses need to be local, needs-based and fit for purpose. The key aim of the resource is to build awareness, understanding and knowledge about how to plan and implement strategies and programs to increase the social and economic participation of people with disability

Left-sided inferior vena cava - A case report

© 2016, Serbian Medical Society. All rights reserved. Left-sided inferior vena cava (LIVC) is a rare, but also one of the most important anatomical variations in the spectrum of the congenital anomalies of this blood vessel. Today, IVC variations and its tributaries are increasingly recognized, primarily thanks to the availability and use of modern imaging modalities (multidetector computed tomography-MDCT, magnetic resonance imaging-MRI). In our paper we present a case of LIVC in a 23-year-old patient. During the examination of the abdomen with 64-slice MDCT-with intravenous contrast (i.v.) we discovered LIVC. The patient had come to the examination because of a traffic trauma. The review found that LIVC ended at the level of the left renal vein, and then crossed anterior to the abdominal aorta to join the right renal vein and formed a normal right IVC. Anatomical variations of IVC are usually asymptomatic and are discovered during routine controls performed for any other reason. LIVC has a prevalence of 0.2%-0.5%. Contrast-enhanced CT is the modality of choice in patients with LIVC. With the availability of high-speed MDCT scanners and sagittal and coronal reconstructions extraordinary views of the normal and abnormal IVC are obtained. The significance of a LIVC is to exclude left paraaortic lymphadenopathy, varices, collateral and gonadal veins. The main clinical significance is preoperative diagnosis for abdominal surgery, kidney and liver transplantation, or trauma. So we need to think about existence of the LIVC