CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN THE CROATIAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGE

Tijekom pandemije koronavirusa pojačala se upotreba digitalnih komunikacijskih kanala poput Zooma, Microsoft Teamsa, Skypea i Webexa. Budući da je riječ o softverima koji su izvorno dostupni na engleskom jeziku, javlja se potreba lokalizacije tih kanala na druge jezike. U ovom se radu na temelju kontrastivne analize proučava leksik hrvatskih i njemačkih verzija digitalnih komunikacijskih kanala u odnosu na njihove izvorne engleske verzije. Istražit će se leksik odabranih digitalnih komunikacijskih kanala na nekoliko jezičnih razina sakupljen sa sučelja i iz uputa za korištenje dostupnih u navedenim digitalnim komunikacijskim kanalima ili na njihovim odgovarajućim mrežnim stranicama. Središnji dio rada čini kontrastivna analiza odabranih izraza i pojmova iz korpusa s naglaskom na proučavanju njihovih morfoloških aspekata na tvorbenoj razini i prilagodbe značenja na semantičkoj razini na hrvatskom i njemačkom jeziku u odnosu na njihove pripadajuće izvorne oblike iz engleskog jezika. Cilj je analize pokazati kako su se njemački i hrvatski jezik prilagodili naglom razvoju digitalne komunikacije i digitalnih komunikacijskih kanala te koja su i kakva jezična rješenja za nove izraze pritom iznjedrili.Based on the contrastive analysis of digital communication channels, this paper investigates the lexis of Croatian and German versions in relation to their English original versions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the increased need for developing and improving new forms of communication which enable secure and easy understanding in real time, has led to frequent use of digital communication channels such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Skype, and Webex. Thanks to the daily use of these communication channels, digital communication has gained in importance more than ever before and has brought with it numerous new expressions that are added to the lexicon. Since English has been impacting the development of the language in digital surroundings and related domains, linguistic challenges such as finding equivalents for new expressions have appeared in other languages. In this paper the language of selected digital communication channels on several linguistic levels is investigated. In order to collect the corpus, interface, and instruction manuals available in the abovementioned communication channels or on their web pages were used. The central part of the paper is based on the contrastive analysis of selected expressions and terms from the corpus with an emphasis on their morphological aspects (word building) and meaning adaptation on the semantic level in Croatian and German, in relation to their corresponding original English forms. The aim was to show the extent to which Croatian and German have adapted to the rapid development of digital communication and digital communication channels, as well as linguistic solutions which have been introduced. Since the relevance of language changes has led to a growing number of new words and expressions in various languages around the world, this paper serves as a basis for further research on language changes in the digital environment in Croatian and German

The Comparison of Voice-Onset-Time in the Speech of Hard-Of-Hearing, Deaf and Hearing Subjects

Cilj ovog rada bio je akusticki ispitati i usporediti razlike u prosjecnim vrijednostima vremena ukljucenja glasa (VUG) između bezvucnih i zvucnih okluziva u govoru teško nagluhih, gluhih i cujucih ispitanika. Tri su grupe ispitanika citale 30 jednosložnih i dvosložnih rijeci. Svaki od šest okluziva hrvatskog standardnog govora nalazio se u inicijalnoj poziciji u pet rijeci, uvijek ih je slijedio samoglasnik, a VUG je bio mjeren od pocetka otpuštanja okluzije do pocetka titranja glasnica (mogao je biti iskljucivo pozitivan). U odnosu na cujuce, ispitanici s oštecenjem sluha imali su duži VUG zvucnih, a kraci bezvucnih okluziva, što je bilo više izraženo s povecanjem kategorije oštecenja. Takav je izgovor okluziva narušio vremensku separaciju bezvucnih i zvucnih okluziva u smislu da se razlika u VUG između parova okluziva u skupini nagluhih ispitanika smanjila, a u skupini gluhih ispitanika svela na minimum ili cak postala negativna. Drugim rijecima, nagluhi ispitanici u prosjeku su uspjeli razlikovati bezvucne i zvucne okluzive, dok gluhi ispitanici to nisu uspjeli, ostvarivši izrazito male ili cak negativne prosjecne razlike u VUG između parova bezvucnih i zvucnih okluziva. Razlike u prosjecnom VUG izmeðu bezvucnih i zvucnih parova okluziva bile su statisticki znacajne i između cujucih i slušno oštecenih ispitanika, i između teško nagluhih i gluhih ispitanika, te znacajno povezane sa stupnjem oštecenja sluha.The aim of this research was to acoustically examine and compare differences in average voice-onset-time (VOT) between voiceless and voiced pairs of stop consonants in the speech of hard-of-hearing, deaf and hearing subjects. The subjects read a list of 30 monosyllabic and bisyllabic words, five of which contained each of 6 Croatian plosives in initial position, followed by vowel. The obtained VOT measures addressed the period between the release of the closure and the first period of the following vowel, therefore being strictly positive. Compared to hearing subjects, hearing impaired subjects demonstrated longer VOT for voiced and shorter VOT for voiceless plosives, which was more prominent for more severe category of the impairment. Such pronunciation affected the time separation of voiceless and voiced pairs of stops in the manner that the difference in VOT between pairs diminished in the group of hard-of-hearing subjects, and became minimal or even negative in the group of deaf subjects. In other words, hard-of-hearing subjects in average did manage to distinguish voiceless and voiced stops, while deaf subject did not, because they demonstrated extremely small or even negative differences in average VOT between voiceless and voiced pairs voiceless and voiced pairs stops. The differences in average VOT between voiceless and voiced pairs voiceless and voiced pairs stops were significant between hearing and hearing impaired subjects, as well as between hard-of-hearing and deaf subjects, and also significantly connected to the degree of hearing loss

Extreme precipitations and their influence on the River flood Hazards: A case study of the Sana River Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The subject of the research paper is the use of remote sensing in monitoring and analyzing the impact of climate change on the occurrence of extreme precipitation, and the cause-and-effect occurrence of floods in the area of the Sana River Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal is to process the "product" of remote sensing to identify the time intervals of occurrence of extreme precipitation, to assess their impact on water levels, and to map potential floods in space. Spatial identification of zones that are at risk of flooding is an integral part of the aforementioned goal. Precipitation monitoring was performed by processing Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data through the Google Earth Engine platform. The observed 30-year period (1992-2022) was compared with the average precipitation for 2017, 2018 and 2019. The impact of extreme precipitation on the water level of the Sana River was analyzed. Flooding periods have been identified: February and December 2017, March 2018 and May 2019. Mapping of flooded areas was carried out by pre-processing and post-processing of Sentinel-1 radar satellite images. The total flooded area is: 710.38 ha (February 2017), 496.79 ha (December 2017), 417.86 ha (March 2018) and 422.42 ha (May 2019). Based on the identified flooded areas, a flood risk map was created on the main course of the Sana River. The research contributes to a better understanding of the changes that occur in the area under the influence of climate change, and the data presented are important for numerous practical issues in the field of water resource management and flood protection

Mixed Ion-Polaron Glasses as New Cathode Materials

Electrical transport in mixed ion-polaron glasses has been investigated in four series of glasses containing transition metal oxides (TMO) namely WO3/MoO3, and Na+/Ag+ ions with the composition xWO3- (30-0.5x)Na2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, xWO3-(30- 0.5x)Ag2O-(30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, xMoO3-(30-0.5x)Na2O- (30-0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, and xMoO3-(30-0.5x)Ag2O-(30- 0.5x)ZnO-40P2O5, 0 ≤ x ≤ 60 (mol%). The DC conductivity of Na-glasses up to 30 mol% of WO3 and MoO3 is almost identical due to the dominance of ionic conductivity. In this compositional region, the introduction of tungstate and molybdate units increases the mobility of sodium ions and compensates the decrease in sodium number density. On the other hand, with increasing WO3 and MoO3 content and decreasing Ag+ ion concentration in Ag-glasses the DC conductivity decreases for few orders of magnitude. A significant difference in conductivity is observed for glasses with higher WO3 and MoO3 content. While for glasses containing WO3 the conductivity rapidly increases due to a huge polaronic contribution indicating a turnover from predominantly ionic to polaronic transport, the conductivity for MoO3- glasses decreases in the entire mixed compositional range suggesting dominant ionic transport. The changes in the conduction mechanism with the systematic alternation of the glass composition have been analyzed in correlation with the structural modifications and variations of molybdenum and tungsten in different oxidation states

Electrical Properties of Two Types of Lithium-Based Glass Ceramics

Abstract The dental ceramic materials are constantly being developed due to their continuous clinical appli- cation in the eld of esthetic dentistry. Glass ceramics (GC) materials are also of special interest for dental application due to their speci c properties ; and thus, they can be applied as crowns, veneers and small bridges. Purpose: However, due to a variety of different GC materials, it is of keen inter- est to inspect their morphology and ion-diffusion, which also governs aging properties. Material and methods: In this study, two different GC materials were processed, i.e., lithium silicate (LS-10) and lithium disilicate (LS-20). The aforementioned properties can be inspected by using impedance spec- troscopy (IS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: SEM study suggested that LS-10 ma- terial is harder to mechanically process by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Furthermore, IS measurements showed that LS-20 (vs. LS-10) has more pro- nounced resistance properties. Conclusion: According to IS data, it was concluded that LS-20 (vs. LS- 10) has more pronounced resistance properties that point out to hindered ion- diffusion and to bet- ter aging properties

High-volume post-obstructive choleresis (biliary hyperproduction) with acute kidney injury after choledochotomy, gallstones extraction, and T-tube drainage, successfully treated with octreotide - Report of a case

Only several cases of postprocedural choleresis (biliary hyperproduction) were reported, and guidance on management is scarce, although an application of octreotide was anecdotally described. We herein present a rare post-obstructive choleresis complicated with acute kidney injury due to dehydration, successfully treated with an off-label application of octreotide. A 58-year-old female, following cholecystectomy and choledochotomy with numerous stones extraction, developed excessive bile loss via a T-tube complicated with acute kidney injury. Despite aggressive fluid replacement, the patient continued to deteriorate, prompting a trial of subcutaneous octreotide 0.1 mg three times per day over five days. Therapy yielded a rapid decline in bile production with improved diuresis and normalizing kidney function. The patient was discharged with a ligated T-tube, which we removed a month later. The followup was unremarkable, with normalized laboratory findings and symptom-free. Early use of octreotide could help resolve complicated biliary hyperproduction; however, further research is required to determine the risks and benefits of such an approach