Simple attenauation models of metallic cables suitable for G.fast frequencies

Recently, a new xDSL successor called G.fast, which can occupy frequencies up to 106 or 212~MHz, has been introduced in ITU-T G.9700 series of recommendations. Moreover, a new model of transmission characteristics suitable for various types of metallic cables has been designed and described as well. The model is based on 9 parameters specified for each type of metallic cable and can provide accurate estimations. However, its complexity together with the number of required parameters makes its practical application questionable, since the most important metallic cable characteristic, the attenuation, can be estimated using much simpler models. Therefore, two innovative attenuation models suitable for frequencies up to 250 MHz were designed and they will be introduced in this paper. The main motivation was to achieve an accurate approximation of attenuation character for various types of metallic cables, while maintaining low mathematical complexity and a number of necessary parameters. Both models were compared with attenuation characteristics measured for variety types of real metallic cables and also with other standard attenuation models. The results are included in this article as well

Transmission delay modeling of packet communication over digital subscriber line

Certain multimedia and voice services, such as VoIP, IPTV, etc., are significantly delay sensitive and their performance is influenced by the overall transmission delay and its variance. One of the most common solutions used in access networks are xDSL lines, especially ADSL2+ or VDSL2. Although these subscriber lines also use packet communication, there are several differences and mechanisms, which influence their resulting delay. Their delay characteristics are also dependent on the individual settings of each xDSL provider, therefore we decided to investigate this area for typical commercially available lines in Czech Republic. Based on the measured values and experiments with real ADSL2+ lines we also developed a potential modeling method, which is presented in this article as well. The parameters for packet jitter based on the generalized Pareto distribution were modeled

Modeling of telecommunication cables for gigabit DSL application

The first part of our paper brings the description and analysis of method used for modeling of metallic cable’s parameters according to the modified KPN model. Moreover we were able to perform measurements and estimations for real metallic cable’s with various transmission characteristics and constructional arrangement, for which we derived the necessary parameters of a new modeling method. Following part contains the comparison of measured characteristics with their models according to the modified KPN model. Finally, we discussed obtained results

Modeling of telecommunication cables for gigabit DSL application

The first part of our paper brings the description and analysis of method used for modeling of metallic cable’s parameters according to the modified KPN model. Moreover we were able to perform measurements and estimations for real metallic cable’s with various transmission characteristics and constructional arrangement, for which we derived the necessary parameters of a new modeling method. Following part contains the comparison of measured characteristics with their models according to the modified KPN model. Finally, we discussed obtained results

Modeling of telecommunication cables for gigabit DSL application

The first part of our paper brings the description and analysis of method used for modeling of metallic cable’s parameters according to the modified KPN model. Moreover we were able to perform measurements and estimations for real metallic cable’s with various transmission characteristics and constructional arrangement, for which we derived the necessary parameters of a new modeling method. Following part contains the comparison of measured characteristics with their models according to the modified KPN model. Finally, we discussed obtained results

Modeling of telecommunication cables for gigabit DSL application

The first part of our paper brings the description and analysis of method used for modeling of metallic cable’s parameters according to the modified KPN model. Moreover we were able to perform measurements and estimations for real metallic cable’s with various transmission characteristics and constructional arrangement, for which we derived the necessary parameters of a new modeling method. Following part contains the comparison of measured characteristics with their models according to the modified KPN model. Finally, we discussed obtained results

Modeling of telecommunication cables for gigabit DSL application

The first part of our paper brings the description and analysis of method used for modeling of metallic cable’s parameters according to the modified KPN model. Moreover we were able to perform measurements and estimations for real metallic cable’s with various transmission characteristics and constructional arrangement, for which we derived the necessary parameters of a new modeling method. Following part contains the comparison of measured characteristics with their models according to the modified KPN model. Finally, we discussed obtained results

MODIFICATION OF HIERARCHICAL AGGLOMERATIVE CLUSTERING WITH COMPLETE LINKAGE FOR OPTIMAL USAGE WITH PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS

Today, passive optical networks (PONs) represent a modern solution for high-speed FTTx subscriber lines and networks. Due to the fact that optical fibres and cables are deployed in last-mile network segments. Unfortunately, the costs of trenching and installation of optical cables in cities are still very high today. However, the application of mathematical methods and algorithms for designing optimum network solutions and topologies might significantly decrease the overall capital expenditures (CAPEX) of the whole process. This article introduces an efficient method based on agglomerative clustering for an optimization of deployment of PONs in practice. The paper describes its application and proposes the necessary modifications of the clustering method for the environment of PONs. The proposed algorithm uses the technique to cluster and connect the adjacent optical terminals and splitters of PONs and to calculate the optimum locations of these units in order to achieve the most optimum network solution and to minimize the summary capital expenditures

Advanced algorithm for optimizing the deployment cost of passive optical networks

The deployment of passive optical networks (PONs) is slow today, especially in Europe, because completely new optical infrastructures are necessary to be installed in the last-mile segments of access networks, which is always very expensive process. One of the possibilities is to design economically effective topologies and to optimize the deployment cost. This article describes the method leading to evaluate an algorithm for designing suboptimal economic solutions and topologies for PONs by focusing on optimization of constructional length of distribution networks. While the typical PON topologies are star topologies or tree-star topologies, the first part of this article introduces new sub algorithm for estimating the minimum star topology. The next section brings the evaluation of two sub algorithms for solving minimum constructional length problems. Finally, all these parts will be merged into a complex algorithm by using clusterization technique to solve optimum topologies. However, the current version of presented algorithm is purely based on mathematical theories and was implemented in Matlab environment. Therefore, it is able to design only theoretical optimum topologies without taking external conditions and real limitations into account. These real conditions will be further implemented in the future, so the algorithm could be also used for practical applications

Modelling of attenuation and crosstalk of cascaded transmission lines

This paper deals with the measurements and modelling of attenuation and near-end (NEXT) and far-end (FEXT) crosstalk for cascaded metallic transmission lines. The transmission parameters of homogenous metallic line can be easily described by telegraph equations or cascade matrix; there are also several models for NEXT and FEXT frequency dependence. But these models and equations could not be applied in the situation of two or more different cascaded transmission lines, because these cascaded lines do not meet the essential condition of overall homogenous transmission line. However in such case, it is still possible to estimate the overall transmission characteristics of the whole combination thanks to the characteristics of each separate element. This paper brings the description of complex measurements performed for the combination of three different metallic cables and based on these measurements, several conclusions about the possibilities of modelling the attenuation and NEXT and FEXT crosstalk for cascaded transmission lines are presented