Effects of the supression partial and total of the frutification on stalks traits of maize cultivars

Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do colmo de cultivares de milho, quanto ao teor de açúcares e de produção de álcool, em função da supressão parcial e total da frutificação. Pesquisas nesse sentido são desejáveis porque fornecem dados sobre o potencial energético da planta e geram informações sobre processos fisiológicos do milho. O ensaio foi conduzido em Piracicaba, SP, no ano agrícola de 1981/82, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e seis repetições. Nas parcelas, foram cultivadas oito cultivares, incluindo: um híbrido duplo, dois híbridos simples, e cinco variedades de polinização-livre. Às subparcelas foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: a) IP = inflorescência feminina protegida; b) IR = inflorescência feminina removida; c) MV = colheita de milho verde; e d) MM = colheita de milho maduro. Os colmos, colhidos aos 109 dias do plantio, foram avaliados imediatamente após a colheita, quanto a quatorze características. As variedades de polinização-livre (principalmente as populações selecionadas para alto teor de açúcares no colmo) foram superiores aos híbridos, para a maioria das características avaliadas. Os tratamentos IP, IR e MV não diferiram entre si e superaram o tratamento MM, quanto às seguintes características: produção de álcool, sacarose real em percentagem do caldo, e sacarose aparente, açúcares redutores, açúcares totais e sólidos solúveis, em percentagem do caldo e do peso fresco do colmo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que seria vantajoso o cultivo do milho para produção de milho verde, com a utilização dos colmos para a produção de álcool.A study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the stalks of maize cultivars for both sugar content and alcohol production, as influenced by partial and total supression of the frutification. The informations obtained are considered important not only to know more about the energetic potential, but also increase the knowledge of the physiologic processes of the corn plant. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil, during the 1980/81 growing season, using a randomized block design with split-plots and six replications. Plots were represented by eight cultivars as follows: one double cross, two single crosses, and five open-pollinated populations. The following treatments were applied to sub-plots: female shoots protected to avoid pollination (SP); female shoots removed (SR); ears at the milks stage removed (GC); and mature kernels produced (MC). Stalks were analized immediately after harvest. In general, the open-pollinated varieties (mainly the populations selected for high sugars in the stalks) were superior to the hybrids for most of the tecnological traits evaluated. The SP, SR, and GC treatments did not differ and were superior to the MC treatment for most of the traits studied. The results obtained in this study suggest the possibility of producing corn at milk stage for human consumption with utilization of the stalks for alcohol production

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio