Mitophagy and mitochondrial fission in soleus muscle.

<p>Soleus Bnip3 (<b>A</b>), DRP1 (<b>B</b>) and Fis1 (<b>C</b>) protein levels, and representative immunoblots (<b>D</b>) in Sham and MI groups. Correlation between soleus <i>BNIP3</i> mRNA levels and distance run in a graded treadmill exercise test (<b>E</b>, Sham n = 8, MI n = 10). Data presented as mean ± SEM. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p

qRT-PCR Primer Sequences.

<p>qRT-PCR Primer Sequences.</p

Autophagic marker in plantaris muscle.

<p>Plantaris LC3-I (<b>A</b>) and LC3-II (<b>B</b>) protein levels, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (<b>C</b>) and representative imunnoblots (<b>D</b>) in Sham and MI groups. Correlation between plantaris LC3-II protein expression and distance run in a graded treadmill exercise test (<b>E</b>, Sham n = 9, MI n = 10). Data presented as mean ± SEM. AU, arbitrary unit. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p

Skeletal muscle autophagy-related genes expression.

<p>Soleus (<b>A</b>) and plantaris (<b>B</b>) <i>BECN1</i>, <i>ATG7</i>, <i>MAP1LC3B</i>, <i>GABARAPL1</i>, <i>ATG12</i>, <i>BNIP3</i>, <i>LAMP2</i> and <i>CTSL1</i> mRNA levels of in Sham and MI groups. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *indicates p≤0.05 vs. Sham. In soleus muscle were analyzed 11 animals in Sham group and 10 animals in MI group. In plantaris muscle were analyzed 11 animals in each group.</p

Skeletal muscle oxidative stress.

<p>Soleus (<b>A</b>) and plantaris (<b>B</b>) lipid hydroperoxide levels in Sham and MI groups. Correlation between lipid hydroperoxide levels and Bnip3 protein expression in soleus (<b>C</b>, Sham n = 8, MI n = 8) and plantaris (<b>D</b>, Sham n = 10, MI n = 11) muscles in Sham and MI groups. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *indicates p≤0.05 vs. Sham. AU, arbitrary unit. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p

Physiological parameters.

<p>Body weight (BW), heart weight, heart weight corrected by BW, Myocardial extension, lung wet/dry ratio, left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum at systole (IVSS), interventricular septum at diastole (IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall at systole (LVPWS), left ventricular posterior wall at diastole (LVPWD) and heart rate under anesthesia (HR) of Sham and MI groups. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance are presented in <i>p</i> value column,</p><p>indicates p≤0.05. The number of animals used in each analysis is shown within parentheses.</p

Exercise tolerance and skeletal muscle trophicity.

<p>Exercise tolerance measured by distance run (<b>A</b>), soleus weight corrected to body weight (BW) (<b>B</b>), plantaris weight corrected to BW (<b>C</b>), soleus (<b>D</b>) and plantaris (<b>E</b>) type I and type II fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in Sham and MI groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *indicates p≤0.05 vs. Sham. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bar.</p

Skeletal muscle Cathepsin L.

<p>Soleus (<b>A</b>) and plantaris (<b>B</b>) Cathepsin L activity in Sham and MI groups. Correlations between <i>CTSL1</i> mRNA levels and skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in soleus (<b>C</b>, Sham n = 7, MI n = 5) and plantaris (<b>D</b>, Sham n = 6, MI n = 6) muscles. Data presented as mean ± SEM. *indicates p≤0.05 vs. Sham. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p

Mitophagy and mitochondrial fission in plantaris muscle.

<p>Plantaris Bnip3 (<b>A</b>), DRP1 (<b>B</b>) and Fis1 (<b>C</b>) protein levels, and representative immunoblots (<b>D</b>) in Sham and MI groups. Correlation between plantaris <i>BNIP3</i> mRNA levels and distance run in a graded treadmill exercise test (<b>E</b>, Sham n = 8, MI n = 10). Data presented as mean ± SEM. *indicates p≤0.05 vs. Sham. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p

Autophagic marker in soleus muscle.

<p>Soleus LC3-I (<b>A</b>) and LC3-II (<b>B</b>) protein levels, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (<b>C</b>) and representative imunnoblots (<b>D</b>) in Sham and MI groups. Correlation between soleus LC3-II protein expression and distance run in a graded treadmill exercise test (<b>E</b>, Sham n = 9, MI n = 11). Data presented as mean ± SEM. AU, arbitrary unit. The number of animals in each analysis is shown within the bars.</p