Differences in the composition of the bacterial element of the urinary tract microbiome in patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation

IntroductionThe development of molecular biology methods and their application in microbial research allowed the detection of many new pathogens that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite the advances of using new research techniques, the etiopathogenesis of UTIs, especially in patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation, is still not fully understood.MethodsThis study aimed to characterize and compare the composition of the bacterial element of the urinary tract microbiome between the groups of patients undergoing dialysis (n = 50) and patients after kidney transplantation (n = 50), with positive or negative urine culture, compared to healthy individuals (n = 50).ResultsAsymptomatic bacteriuria was observed in 30% of the urine cultures of patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation, with Escherichia coli as the most dominant microorganism (73%) detected with the use of classical microbiology techniques. However, differences in the bacterial composition of the urine samples between the evaluated patient groups were demonstrated using the amplicon sequencing. Finegoldia, Leptotrichia, and Corynebacterium were found to be discriminative bacteria genera in patients after dialysis and kidney transplantation compared to the control group. In addition, in all of urine samples, including those without bacteriuria in classical urine culture, many types of bacteria have been identified using 16S rRNA sequencing.DiscussionThe revealed microbial characteristics may form the basis in searching for new diagnostic markers in treatment of patients undergoing dialysis and patients after kidney transplantation

Oznaczanie wybranych amin atmosferycznych w obecności kationów nieorganicznych metodą izokratycznej chromatografii jonowej

The aim of this study was to optimize and validate the methodology for the determination of selected aliphatic amines in the presence of inorganic cations in environmental samples (rainwater, snow, particulate matter) by isocratic ion chromatography with suppressed conductometric detection. The obtained detection limits for selected aliphatic amines were 4.65 µg/L, 4.46 µg/L, and 12.4 µg/L for methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, respectively. The relative standard deviation of repeatability for real samples was less than 6%. The recovery was within the range of 90.3%–100%. The developed methodology was applied to analyse wet deposition and particulate matter samples.Celem pracy była optymalizacja i walidacja metodyki oznaczania wybranych amin alifatycznych w obecności nieorganicznych kationów w próbkach środowiskowych (woda deszczowa, śnieg, pył zawieszony) metodą izokratycznej chromatografii jonowej z detekcją konduktometryczną. Granice wykrywalności dla wybranych amin alifatycznych wyniosły 4,65 µg/L, 4,46 µg/L i 12,4 µg/L, odpowiednio dla metyloaminy, dimetyloaminy i trimetyloaminy. Precyzja powtarzalności dla próbek rzeczywistych była < 6%. Odzysk mieścił się w zakresie 90,3%–100%. Opracowana metodyka została zastosowana do analizy próbek depozycji mokrej (śnieg, deszcz) oraz próbek pyłu zawieszonego

Chromatografia jonowa jako część zielonej chemii analitycznej

Due to the increased environmental awareness, green chemistry becomes an important element of environmental protection. Unfortunately, it generate specifi c environmental costs, which are related to the use of toxic chemical reagents and waste generation. The most frequently determined analytes include inorganic and organic anions and cations. The methods used so far for their analysis in water, sewage and various other types of samples are increasingly being replaced by ion chromatography methods. This paper presents the most important advantages and limitations of ion chromatography in the context of “green analytical chemistry.” The progress of ion chromatography in gradient and isocratic elution, capillary and multidimensional ion chromatography, as well as miniaturization and methods of sample preparation for analysis, which allow to classify this technique as green analytical chemistry, are described.Ze względu na zwiększoną świadomość ekologiczną, zielona chemia staje się ważnym elementem ochrony środowiska. Laboratoria na całym świecie przeprowadzają miliony analiz różnych substancji. Niestety generują one określone koszty środowiskowe, co związane jest stosowaniem toksycznych odczynników chemicznych i wytwarzaniem odpadów. Do najczęściej oznaczanych analitów należą aniony i kationy. Dotychczas stosowane metody ich analiz są coraz częściej zastępowane metodami chromatografii jonowej. W pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze zalety i ograniczenia chromatografii jonowej w kontekście „zielonej chemii analitycznej”. Opisano postępy w zakresie elucji gradientowej i izokratycznej, kapilarnej i wielowymiarowej IC, miniaturyzacji i metod przygotowania próbek, które pozwalają na jej zaliczenie do metod zielonej chemii analitycznej

Green Aspects of Ion Chromatography versus Other Methods in the Analysis of Common Inorganic Ions

Due to the increasing environmental awareness of the public, green chemistry has become an important element of environmental protection. In laboratories around the world, millions of analyses of inorganic and organic anions and cations in water and wastewater samples, and solid and gaseous samples are performed daily. Unfortunately, these activities still generate large costs, including environmental costs, which are related to the scale of the studies, the use of toxic chemical reagents, the waste generated, and the energy consumed. The methods used so far for inorganic ion analysis, including classical methods, are increasingly being replaced by instrumental methods, primarily based on ion chromatography. This paper presents the most important advantages and limitations of ion chromatography, and compares them with the costs of classical analyses for the analytes and sample types. Both the financial and environmental costs associated with the determination of common inorganic ions, such as Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, and NH4+, in 1000 environmental samples, were compared using selected reference wet classical methods and ion chromatography. The advantages and limitations of ion chromatography that allow this separation technique to be classified as a green analytical chemistry method have been described herein

Chemical characterization of bulk depositions in two cities of Upper Silesia (Zabrze, Bytom), Poland : Case study

The chemical composition of bulk deposition is an important aspect of assessing ambient air pollution. It contributes significantly to the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere and their transfer to other ecosystems. Thus, it is a reliable determinant of environmental chemistry. Therefore, bulk deposition can be considered useful for tracking the migration path of substances from different sources. The aim of the study carried out at five measurement points in Zabrze and Bytom was to assess the content of selected physico-chemical parameters in bulk deposition. Samples were collected continuously from November 2019 to November 2020. In the collected samples the following were determined: COD, pH, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, inorganic carbon and total carbon; inorganic anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, Br-, PO43-) and cations (Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, NH4+), metals and metalloids (Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Fe), and carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, oxalic). The obtained test results were statistically processed using Excel, and the normality of data distribution was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. The results show that pollutants transported in the atmosphere and introduced with precipitation in the Zabrze and Bytom areas are a significant source of area pollution of the region

More Than Resveratrol: New Insights into Stilbene-Based Compounds

The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant “drug-likeness” scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the “fresh outlook” about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure

Qualitative Identification of Roseburia hominis in Faeces Samples Obtained from Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Individuals

Various products coded by genes recognized in microbiota are involved in many biochemical pathways in thehuman body. Bacteria composition in the gastrointestinal tract may be an important aspect of selected diseases’ pathogenesis, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Traditional research methods based on classical microbiology, using selective media for bacterial growth, have proven to be ineffective. The use of genetic methods allows the identification of unidentified microbiota, including anaerobes. Roseburia hominis is a flagellated gut anaerobic commensal bacterium, producing short-fatty acids. The knowledge about the microbial components of the intestinal ecosystem is still very limited, including Roseburia hominis. This study aimed to identify Roseburia hominis in the faeces samples obtained from IBS patients and healthy individuals, using PCR techniques. The differences between studied groups were observed, and it was concluded that R. hominis may play a role in IBS etiology

How to learn a foreign language? : 45 experts reveal the secrets of effective language learning

Poradnik "Jak nauczyć się języka obcego" jest dostępny dla wszystkich, za darmo i bez ograniczeń. To projekt 100% non profit, edukacyjny, stworzony z myślą o osobach uczących się języka obcego. Poniżej prezentujemy najciekawsze porady od osób, zajmujących się hobbystycznie i profesjonalnie językami obcymi i świetnie im to wychodzi! Poznajcie rady pasjonatów językowych i autorów najciekawszych stron o językach obcych! Wiele "tajemnych" porad i odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące nauki języków obcych takich jak: Jak szybko nauczyć się języka obcego i czy to w ogóle możliwe? ; Ciekawe sposoby na naukę słownictwa, poprawę czytania/pisania/słuchania ; Jakie są najbardziej efektywne metody & techniki & sposoby nauki języka obcego? ; Polecane strony www / blogi & aplikacje mobilne & metody online i inne interaktywne formy nauki ; Książki & magazyny & wydawnictwa & YouTube/ TV / radio, które warto poznać aby opanować łatwiej język obcy ; Najważniejsze języki obce w 2015 r. - newsy z rynku pracy / edukacji w EU ; Jak zmotywować się do nauki języka