Additional file 1: Table S1. of The effect of performance-based financing on illness, care-seeking and treatment among children: an impact evaluation in Rwanda

Linear probability models for effect of PBF on reported diarrhea, fever and/or symptoms of ARI, and facility care-seeking, differentiated by poverty. Table S2. Linear probability models for effect of PBF on reported diarrhea and/or fever, facility care-seeking, and treatment received, differentiated by poverty. (DOCX 44 kb

Services provided at health centers and district hospitals covered by <i>Mutuelles.</i>

<p>Source: Ministry of Health, Rwanda.</p

Descriptive statistics of provincial-level variables.

<p>Abbreviations: N: sample size; SD: standard deviation.</p

Individuals included in the analyses of child and maternal care with RDHS.

<p>Individuals included in the analyses of child and maternal care with RDHS.</p

Regression results for child and maternal care analyses with panel data at the provincial level.

<p>Abbreviations: SE: standard error; N: sample size.</p>*<p>: statistically significant at the 0.05 level.</p>**<p>: statistically significant at the 0.01 level.</p

Trends of <i>Mutuelles</i> coverage and utilization of child care and skilled-birth attendance.

<p>The trends are between 2000 and 2008. The data is taken from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey in 2000, 2005, and 2008. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CI). * Estimate is based on a study by Schneider and Diop in 2004 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039282#pone.0039282-Schneider1" target="_blank">[20]</a>. ** Estimate is from Community Based Health Insurance in Rwanda (<a href="http://www.cbhirwanda.org.rw/" target="_blank">http://www.cbhirwanda.org.rw/</a>) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039282#pone.0039282-Community1" target="_blank">[16]</a>.</p

Improved health outcome indicators over time.

<p>Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank (<a href="http://www.childinfo.org/maternal_mortality.html" target="_blank">http://www.childinfo.org/maternal_mortality.html</a>).</p

Logistic regression results for medical care utilization among the general population who reported illness using unmatched data, matched data, and matched data with IV method.

<p>Abbreviations: N: sample size, OR: odds ratio, SE: standard error.</p>*<p>: statistically significant at the 0.05 level.</p>**<p>: statistically significant at the 0.01 level.</p

Households and individuals included in the analyses of financial risk protection and medical care utilization with EICV.

<p>Households and individuals included in the analyses of financial risk protection and medical care utilization with EICV.</p

Testing endogeneity of <i>Mutuelles</i> with two-stage residual inclusion method.

<p>Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval.</p>*<p>: statistically significant at the 0.05 level.</p>**<p>: statistically significant at the 0.01 level.</p