Long working hours as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation: A multi-cohort study

Aims Studies suggest that people who work long hours are at increased risk of stroke, but the association of long working hours with atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia and a risk factor for stroke, is unknown. We examined the risk of atrial fibrillation in individuals working long hours (>55 per week) and those working standard 35-40 hours per week. Methods In this prospective multi-cohort study from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in and results Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium, the study population was 85,494 working men and women (mean age 43.4 years) with no recorded atrial fibrillation. Working hours were assessed at study baseline (1991-2004). Mean follow-up for incident atrial fibrillation was 10 years and cases were defined using data on electrocardiograms, hospital records, drug reimbursement registers, and death certificates. We identified 1061 new cases of atrial fibrillation (10-year cumulative incidence 12.4 per 1000). After adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic status, individuals working long hours had a 1.4-fold increased risk of atrial fibrillation compared to those working standard hours (hazard ratio=1.42, 95%CI=1.13-1.80, P=0.003). There was no significant heterogeneity between the cohortspecific effect estimates (I2=0%, P=0.66) and the finding remained after excluding participants with coronary heart disease or stroke at baseline or during the follow-up (N=2006, hazard ratio=1.36, 95%CI=1.05-1.76, P=0. 0180). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, such as obesity, risky alcohol use and high blood pressure, had little impact on this association. Conclusion Individuals who worked long hours were more likely to develop atrial fibrillation than those working standard hours

Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

Background Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Methods We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individuallevel data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol (F1000Res 2013;2:233). Results We included 6 published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published (Relative Risk [RR]= 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-2.13) and unpublished datasets (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.81- 1.32). Conclusion Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies

sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948231159212 – Supplemental material for Associations between commute mode use and self-rated health and work ability among Finnish public sector employees

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sjp-10.1177_14034948231159212 for Associations between commute mode use and self-rated health and work ability among Finnish public sector employees by Essi Kalliolahti, Ville Aalto, Paula Salo, Timo Lanki, Jenni Ervasti and Tuula Oksanen in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health</p

Associations between trust in the supervisor and subsequent retirement intentions: odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariable multinomial logistic regression models.

a<p>Includes demographic characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status).</p>b<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, and psychological distress.</p>c<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, and health risk behaviors (current smoking status, alcohol consumption, obesity, and leisure time physical activity).</p>d<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, health risk behaviors, and personality factors (trait anxiety and dispositional optimism) (full model).</p>e<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, health risk behaviors, personality factors, and psychosocial factors (job strain and effort-reward imbalance) (full model).</p><p>Associations between trust in the supervisor and subsequent retirement intentions: odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariable multinomial logistic regression models.</p

The descriptive characteristics and the proportion of trust in the study population at baseline.

a<p>Percentages are row percentages.</p>b<p>Based on chi-square test.</p>c<p>Individuals scoring ≥4 using 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire are classified as psychologically distressed.</p>d<p>Average weekly consumption >210 g of absolute alcohol = heavy drinker.</p>e<p>Leisure time physical activity <2 metabolic equivalent task (MET) per week = physically inactive.</p><p>The descriptive characteristics and the proportion of trust in the study population at baseline.</p

Associations between trust in co-workers and subsequent retirement intentions: odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariable multinomial logistic regression models.

a<p>Includes demographic characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status).</p>b<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, and psychological distress.</p>c<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, and health risk behaviors (current smoking status, alcohol consumption, obesity, and leisure time physical activity).</p>d<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, health risk behaviors, and personality factors (trait anxiety and dispositional optimism) (full model).</p>e<p>Includes demographic characteristics, self-rated health, psychological distress, health risk behaviors, personality factors, and psychosocial factors (job strain and effort-reward imbalance) (full model).</p><p>Associations between trust in co-workers and subsequent retirement intentions: odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariable multinomial logistic regression models.</p

Sample selection procedure.

<p>Sample selection procedure.</p

Serially adjusted baseline characteristics associated with extended employment at >6 months beyond the pensionable age.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p><p>*Adjusted for individual pensionable age, sex, socioeconomic status, marital status, and residence and area.</p>†<p>As previous+adjusted for type of employment contract, work schedule, part-time pension, job strain, effort-reward imbalance, and work time control.</p>‡<p>As previous+adjusted for chronic disease, symptoms of ill health, smoking, alcohol use, leisure time physical activity, and obesity.</p

Projected probability (%) and 95% confidence intervals for extended employment at >6 months beyond the pensionable age by psychiatric and somatic morbidity and work time control, multivariable adjusted estimates.

<p>Projected probability (%) and 95% confidence intervals for extended employment at >6 months beyond the pensionable age by psychiatric and somatic morbidity and work time control, multivariable adjusted estimates.</p

Study protocol: Job strain as a predictor of depressive symptoms - assessing interaction between job demands and job control and examining effect modification by co-existing mental and somatic disorders and low socioeconomic status

This study protocol describes planned analyses to examine the association between job strain and depressive symptoms, with a particular focus on interactions with potential vulnerability factors outside the work environment