Developmental Changes in Adolescents' Olfactory Performance and Significance of Olfaction.

Aim of the current work was to examine developmental changes in adolescents' olfactory performance and personal significance of olfaction. In the first study olfactory identification abilities of 76 participants (31 males and 45 females aged between 10 and 18 years; M = 13.8, SD = 2.3) was evaluated with the Sniffin Stick identification test, presented in a cued and in an uncued manner. Verbal fluency was additionally examined for control purpose. In the second study 131 participants (46 males and 85 females aged between 10 and 18 years; (M = 14.4, SD = 2.2) filled in the importance of olfaction questionnaire. Odor identification abilities increased significantly with age and were significantly higher in girls as compared to boys. These effects were especially pronounced in the uncued task and partly related to verbal fluency. In line, the personal significance of olfaction increased with age and was generally higher among female compared to male participants

Significance of olfaction across age and sex groups (in units).

<p>Error bars illustrate the values of standard error.</p

Descriptive statistics for association, application and consequence (M: mean; SD: standard deviation; in arbitrary units; Min: minimum; Max: maximum).

<p>Descriptive statistics for association, application and consequence (M: mean; SD: standard deviation; in arbitrary units; Min: minimum; Max: maximum).</p

Significance of olfaction questionnaire (modified after [32]).

<p>Ass–Association; App–Application; Con–Consequence.</p

Proportions of correct odor identifications across age and sex groups (in percentages).

<p>Error bars illustrate the values of standard error.</p