Anatomical study and phytochemical screening of leaves from Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage

O óleo essencial das folhas de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage, espécie de elevada resistência ao frio, contém α-pineno como constituinte majoritário. Este trabalho avaliou a anatomia foliar de E. benthamii e realizou um screening fitoquímico para investigar a presença de outros metabólitos secundários nas folhas desse táxon. A partir do material botânico fixado, foram conduzidas as análises anatômicas, utilizando os métodos usuais de microscopia fotônica e eletrônica. O screening fitoquímico foi desenvolvido por meio de reações específicas para triterpenos/esteróides, alcalóides, antraquinonas, cumarinas, flavonóides, saponinas e taninos. A anatomia foliar evidenciou estômatos anomocíticos em ambas as faces do limbo foliar, mesofilo heterogêneo simétrico isobilateral, nervura mediana plano-convexa e sistema vascular do tipo bicolateral em arco aberto. Também foram visualizados idioblastos contendo cristais de oxalato de cálcio, cavidades secretoras com conteúdo lipofílico e súber cicatricial. O estudo fitoquímico revelou a presença de triterpenos e/ou esteróides, glicosídeos flavônicos, glicosídeos saponínicos e taninos.Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage is a species with remarkable cold tolerance. Its essential oil showed α-pinene as the major constituent. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the anatomy of leaves from E. benthamii. Also a phytochemical screening of others secondary metabolites was investigated. The anatomical analyses of previously fixed leaves from E. benthamii were performed by the usual light and scanning microtechniques. Phytochemical study was carried out by qualitative reactions for triterpenes/steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Anomocytic stomata were observed on both surfaces of leaves from E. benthamii. Foliar blade showed a heterogeneous and symmetrical mesophyll as isobilateral arrange. The midrib showed plain-convex cross-section and was traversed by a bicollateral vascular bundle in open arc. Idioblasts with calcium oxalate prisms, secretory cavities with oil content and lenticel-like structures were also reported. The phytochemical screening revealed triterpenes/steroids, flavonoid glycosides, saponin glycosides and tannins.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from bark of Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Ness

Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees, known as canela-guaicá and canela-sebo, is a native woody species from Brazil. O. puberula has been used by indigenous communities to treat skin diseases and tumours. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from barks of O. puberula. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis showed spathulenol, β-pinene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D and α-pinene as the major volatile components. In the antibacterial activity, a very low response was demonstratedColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

In vivo evaluation of the mutagenic potential of Estragole and Eugenol chemotypes of Ocimum selloi Benth. essential oil

Se determinó la composición química y la mutagenicidad de los aceites esenciales obtenidos de las hojas del Ocimum selloi Benth, perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae, nativos de la región sur de Brasil. Para el estudio se utilizaron técnicas de cromatografía gaseosa capilar acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Para la evaluación de la mutagenicidad in vivo se utilizó el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratones Wistar. Del aceite esencial nominado quimiotipo A, fueron identificados 10 constituyentes, que correspondieron a más de 99% de la fracción volátil. Los constituyentes mayoritarios que se identificaron fueron metil chavicol o estragol (46,33%), trans-anetol (31,20%) y germacreno D (6,37%). La composición del quimiotipo B fue de solamente 4 compuestos, que correspondieron a 99% da composición de la esencia. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron metil eugenol (45,17%), trans-cariofileno (43,52%) e isoaromadendreno (4,83%). Los resultados de la evaluación in vivo de la mutagenicidad indicaron que ninguno de los quimiotipos estudiados presentó aumento estadístico significativo de las aberraciones cromosómicas, lo que sugerí que estos aceites esenciales no son mutagénicos. Estos resultados reafirman la información existente del bajo riesgo toxicológico del uso del O. selloi en medicina tradicional.The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and mutagenicity of the O. selloi essential oils native from the South of Brazil. The essential oil designated as chemotype A showed a total of 10 components, which constitute more than 99% of the volatile fraction. The major chemicals were methyl chavicol or estragole (46.33%), trans-anethole (31.20%) and germacrene D (6.37%). The chemo-type of O. selloi called sample B was constituted by only 4 detected components as the most abundant compounds, with more than 99% of the composition of the essential oil characterized. The major constituents were methyl eugenol (45.17%), trans-caryophyllene (43.52%) and isoaromadendrene (4.83%). The results obtained in the in vivo evaluation of mutagenicity indicated that none of chemotype studied presents mutagenic activity. These results support existing information about the low toxicological risk in the O. selloi use as a traditional medicine.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

In vivo evaluation of the mutagenic potential of Estragole and Eugenol chemotypes of Ocimum selloi Benth. essential oil

Se determinó la composición química y la mutagenicidad de los aceites esenciales obtenidos de las hojas del Ocimum selloi Benth, perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae, nativos de la región sur de Brasil. Para el estudio se utilizaron técnicas de cromatografía gaseosa capilar acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Para la evaluación de la mutagenicidad in vivo se utilizó el ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea de ratones Wistar. Del aceite esencial nominado quimiotipo A, fueron identificados 10 constituyentes, que correspondieron a más de 99% de la fracción volátil. Los constituyentes mayoritarios que se identificaron fueron metil chavicol o estragol (46,33%), trans-anetol (31,20%) y germacreno D (6,37%). La composición del quimiotipo B fue de solamente 4 compuestos, que correspondieron a 99% da composición de la esencia. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron metil eugenol (45,17%), trans-cariofileno (43,52%) e isoaromadendreno (4,83%). Los resultados de la evaluación in vivo de la mutagenicidad indicaron que ninguno de los quimiotipos estudiados presentó aumento estadístico significativo de las aberraciones cromosómicas, lo que sugerí que estos aceites esenciales no son mutagénicos. Estos resultados reafirman la información existente del bajo riesgo toxicológico del uso del O. selloi en medicina tradicional.The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and mutagenicity of the O. selloi essential oils native from the South of Brazil. The essential oil designated as chemotype A showed a total of 10 components, which constitute more than 99% of the volatile fraction. The major chemicals were methyl chavicol or estragole (46.33%), trans-anethole (31.20%) and germacrene D (6.37%). The chemo-type of O. selloi called sample B was constituted by only 4 detected components as the most abundant compounds, with more than 99% of the composition of the essential oil characterized. The major constituents were methyl eugenol (45.17%), trans-caryophyllene (43.52%) and isoaromadendrene (4.83%). The results obtained in the in vivo evaluation of mutagenicity indicated that none of chemotype studied presents mutagenic activity. These results support existing information about the low toxicological risk in the O. selloi use as a traditional medicine.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire