Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates reduce pathogen adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells by decoy effects or by attenuating bacterial virulence

This work investigated the effects of different chemical structures of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) and non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) on pathogen adhesion by serving as decoy receptors. Pre-exposure of pathogens to inulins and low degree of methylation (DM) pectin prevented binding to gut epithelial Caco2-cells, but effects were dependent on the molecules' chemistry, pathogen strain and growth phase. Pre-exposure to 3-fucosyllactose increased E. coli WA321 adhesion (28%, p < 0.05), and DM69 pectin increased E. coli ET8 (15 fold, p < 0.05) and E. coli WA321 (50%, p < 0.05) adhesion. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that DM69 pectin upregulated flagella and cell membrane associated genes. However, the top 10 downregulated genes were associated with lowering of bacteria virulence. DM69 pectin increased pathogen adhesion but bacterial virulence was attenuated illustrating different mechanisms may lower pathogen adhesion. Our study illustrates that both hMOs and NDCs can reduce adhesion or attenuate virulence of pathogens but that these effects are chemistry dependent

Covered Stents vs. Angioplasty for Common Iliac Artery In Stent Restenosis:A Retrospective Comparison

Objective: The optimal endovascular treatment for common iliac artery in stent re-stenosis has yet to be assessed. Treatment options include, among others, angioplasty alone and repeated stenting with covered stents. Methods: This study retrospectively compared patency and target lesion revascularisation of these treatments. All patients who underwent endovascular treatment of common iliac artery in stent re-stenosis between 2007 and 2017 were included retrospectively. The primary end point was freedom from re-stenosis. Secondary endpoints were target lesion revascularisation rate (TLR) and freedom from occlusion during follow up. Results: Seventy-four interventions were included, consisting of 37 angioplasties and 37 covered stent placements in 57 patients. Freedom from re-stenosis at four years was 72.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.8% – 88.7%) in the covered stent group vs. 43.5% (95% CI 25.9% – 59.8%) in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) group (p = .003). The target lesion revascularisation (TLR) rate was 16.4% (95% CI 7.1% – 35.6%) and 43.6% (95% CI 28.0% – 63.2%) respectively (p = .020). There was no difference in freedom from occlusion; this was 90.8% (95% CI 73.9% – 97.0%) in the covered stent group and 79.1% (95% CI 58.4% – 90.3%) in the PTA group (p = .49). The difference in freedom from re-stenosis and TLR remained significant after sensitivity and multivariable analyses. Conclusion: Covered stents offer better outcomes for common iliac artery in stent re-stenosis than angioplasty alone

Endometriosis centers of expertise in the Netherlands:Development toward regional networks of multidisciplinary care

Contains fulltext : 251798.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

Effects of an Interactive School-Based Program for Preventing Adolescent Sexual Harassment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Evaluation Study

Many adolescents experience sexual harassment and victims of sexual harassment have higher risks regarding well-being and health behaviors such as higher risks of suicidal thoughts, suicidal ideation and feeling unsafe at school. A peer-performed play and school lessons on preventing sexual harassment behavior were presented to secondary school students. We evaluated its effectiveness, using a cluster-randomized controlled design to assign schools to an experimental condition [n = 14 schools; 431 students (51 % female)] and a control condition [n = 11 schools; 384 students (51 % female)]. To measure the effects of the intervention at first post-test and 6-month follow-up, our multilevel analyses used a two-level random intercept model. Outcome measures were sexual harassment behaviors, behavioral determinants and distal factors influencing these behaviors. At post-test, students in the experimental group reported a reduced intention to commit sexual harassment behavior and higher self-efficacy in rejecting it. At post-test and follow-up there was a significant positive effect on social norms for rejecting sexual harassment behavior. At follow-up, sexual self-esteem was higher in students in the experimental group than in the control group. Effects on these determinants will benefit adolescents’ future sexual behaviors. In combination, the play and lessons, possibly together with continued sexual health education and skills programs on social-emotional learning in subsequent school years, have potential for preventing sexual harassment behavior

Bilayered ceramic anterior restorations with reinforcement of the incisal edge by using lithium disilicate:A multicenter retrospective survival analysis with a maximum of 6-year follow-up

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The esthetics of anterior lithium disilicate restorations can be enhanced if the buccal aspect is layered with a feldspathic ceramic. However, whether fractures and chipping of this layer are a prevalent complication is unclear.PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of incisal fracture of a specially designed lithium disilicate reinforcement of the incisal edge for indirect anterior bilayered restorations on both teeth and implants.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 924 anterior bilayered pressed lithium disilicate restorations in 324 patients and made in one dental laboratory were delivered by 4 restorative dentists. The restorations had the palatal side of the incisal edge in monolithic lithium disilicate and the facial side in feldspathic porcelain. The restorations were evaluated for survival and the occurrence of fracture or chipping. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan-Meier and log rank (Mantel-Cox) tests (α=.05).RESULTS: Of the 924 restorations, 798 (236 complete crowns, 562 partial restorations) were placed on teeth and 126 on implants. The mean observation time was 38 months (3 to 72 months). The survival rate was 96.5%, with 14 failures occurring. The failures were fracture after dental trauma (n=5), ceramic fracture (n=1), debonding (n=6), poor shade match (n=1), and tooth loss (n=2). Restorations in patients with parafunctional habits and endodontically treated teeth showed a significant decrease in survival rate (P=.018). No significant differences were found between the survival of restorations on teeth and implants and between complete crowns and partial restorations (P=.021). No chipping was observed on any restorations in the study.CONCLUSIONS: Modified anterior bilayered ceramic restorations showed good survival rates, and no chipping was observed up to 6 years of follow-up. Parafunctional habits and endodontic treatment had a negative effect on the survival rate of restorations. The support of tooth or implant and the restoration type had no effect on the survival.</p