Antigenic sites recognized by TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera.

<p>(A) Location and classification of the amino acids in the antigenic sites on TH HA and HK5052 HA. The different residues in the antigenic sites between HK5052 HA and TH HA are shown in red. (B) Structural and spatial modeling of the four antigenic sites on an H5N1 influenza strain A/Vietnam/1203/2004 HA (PDB: 2FKO). (C) IC₅₀ values of TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera against chimera and parental viruses. Data collected from three independent experiments are presented and best fit values for IC₅₀ along with the 95% Confidence Intervals.</p

IC₅₀ values of TH DDV, TH DV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TK DDV sera against a panel of H5N1 pseudotypes.

<p>IC₅₀ values of TH DDV, TH DV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TK DDV sera against a panel of H5N1 pseudotypes.</p

IC₅₀ values of TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera against head/stem chimera and parental viruses.

<p>IC₅₀ values of TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera against head/stem chimera and parental viruses.</p

The neutralization of the mutants based on THAS1HK5052 by TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera.

<p>The neutralization of the mutants based on THAS1HK5052 by TH DDV, TH DDD, TH VVV and TH DV sera.</p

Residue polymorphism in AS1 at positions 158,159,160,188 and 193 among 16 strains.

<p>Residue polymorphism in AS1 at positions 158,159,160,188 and 193 among 16 strains.</p

The panel of HPAI H5N1 pseudotypes used in current study^a.

<p>The panel of HPAI H5N1 pseudotypes used in current study<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176854#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Neutralization titers of the immune sera against the strains in different groups.

<p>Neutralization titers of the immune sera against the strains in different groups.</p

The number and percentage of different groups in 1,663 H5HA sequences.

<p>The number and percentage of different groups in 1,663 H5HA sequences.</p

Dissect the role of anti-HA and anti-NA antibodies in influenza HA and NA pseudotype release and entry.

<p>a) Titration of anti-HA immune sera by PN entry and PN release/entry assays; b) Titration of anti-NA immune sera by PN entry and PN release/entry assays. Black close square stands for anti-H5N1 neutralizing antibody response measured by PN release/entry assay; Red close square stands for anti-H5N1 neutralizing antibody response measured by PN entry assay; Black open circle stands for anti-VSV-G neutralizing antibody response measured by PN release/entry assay; Red open circle stands for anti-VSV-G neutralizing antibody response measured by PN entry assay.</p

Statistical analysis of neutralizing antibody activity of immune sera at 1∶20 dilution among three groups.

<p>Horizontal bars show the mean values of percentage inhibition in each of three groups. The data shown here were the combined results of two individual experiments.</p