Síndrome urémico hemolítico debido a Escherichia coli 048:H21 productora de Toxina Shiga-like en el Sur Australia

Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC) a excepción de los serotipos O157:H7 se reconocen cada vez más en la asociación con Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico (HUS) y han sido informados en Australia. Mientras que detectar cepas de O157:H7 ha llegado a ser más fácil a través de los años, identificando un número en expansión de otros serotipos de EHEC también asociados con HUS; con otras condiciones, y con animales domésticos saludables es todavía muy difícil.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Childhood tetanus in Australia: ethical issues for a should-be-forgotten preventable disease

Refusal of a parent to have a child vaccinated against tetanus raised ethical issues for the treating clinicians. The clinicians felt their duty to the child was compromised, but recognised that our society leaves the authority for such decisions with the parents. As there was no reason, other than different beliefs about vaccination, to doubt the parent\u27s care for the child, the clinicians limited their response to providing strong recommendations in favour of vaccination. Other issues raised by this case include community protection, and the costs to the community of treating a vaccine-preventable disease

The antenatal causes of cerebral palsy - Genetic and viral associations

Cerebral palsy is the most common neurological disorder in children. Epidemiological evidence suggests that antenatal origins are a major cause. Currently there is no antenatal test for cerebral palsy, no proven preventable measures in late pregnancy, and no known cure. Cerebral palsy affects not only the diagnosed child, but also their family and the community, requiring considerable social and financial resources to assist these children in their daily lives.Catherine S. Gibson, Alastair H. MacLennan, Paul N. Goldwater, and Gustaaf A. Dekker for The South Australian Cerebral Palsy Research Grou

Treatment of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a specialized group of E. coli that can cause severe colonic disease and renal failure. Their pathogenicity derives from virulence factors that enable the bacteria to colonize the colon and deliver extremely powerful toxins known as verotoxins (VT) or Shiga toxins (Stx) to the systemic circulation. The recent devastating E. coli O104:H4 epidemic in Europe has shown how helpless medical professionals are in terms of offering effective therapies. By examining the sources and distribution of these bacteria, and how they cause disease, we will be in a better position to prevent and treat the inevitable future cases of sporadic disease and victims of common source outbreaks. Due to the complexity of pathogenesis, it is likely a multitargeted approach is warranted. Developments in terms of these treatments are discussed

Gut microbiome and immunity: possible role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

The gut microbiome influences the development of the immune system of young mammals; the establishment of a normal gut microbiome is thought to be important for the health of the infant during its early development. As the role of bacteria in the causation of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is backed by strong evidence, the balance between host immunity and potential bacterial pathogens is likely to be pivotal. Bacterial colonisation of the infant colon is influenced by age, mode of delivery, diet, environment, and antibiotic exposure. The gut microbiome influences several systems including gut integrity and development of the immune system; therefore, gut microflora could be important in protection against bacteria and/or their toxins identified in SIDS infants. The aims of the review are to explore 1) the role of the gut microbiome in relation to the developmentally critical period in which most SIDS cases occur; 2) the concept of an abnormal gut microbiome causing inflammation resulting in transit of bacteria from the lumen into the bloodstream; and 3) clinical, physiological, pathological and microbiological evidence for bacteraemia leading to the final events in SIDS pathogenesis