Ganglioside Composition in Beef, Chicken, Pork, and Fish Determined Using Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Gangliosides (GA) are found in animal tissues and fluids, such as blood and milk. These sialo-glycosphingolipids have bioactivities in neural development, the gastrointestinal tract, and the immune system. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) method was validated to characterize and quantitate the GA in beef, chicken, pork, and fish species (turbot, snapper, king salmon, and island mackerel). For the first time, we report the concentration of GM₃, the dominant GA in these foods, as ranging from 0.35 to 1.1 mg/100 g and 0.70 to 5.86 mg/100 g of meat and fish, respectively. The minor GAs measured were GD₃, GD_1a, GD_1b, and GT_1b. Molecular species distribution revealed that the GA contained long- to very-long-chain acyl fatty acids attached to the ceramide moiety. Fish GA contained only <i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) sialic acid, while beef, chicken, and pork contained GD_1a/b species that incorporated both NeuAc and <i>N</i>-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) and hydroxylated fatty acids

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats

Real time RT‐PCR analysis of Agrn and Z+ Agrn expression in rat soleus muscle. Figure S2. Real time RT‐PCR analysis of synaptophysin expression in rat soleus muscle. A (PDF 369 kb

Effect of Dietary Complex Lipids on the Biosynthesis of Piglet Brain Gangliosides

Gangliosides, found in mammalian milk, are known for their roles in brain development of the newborn. However, the mechanism involved in the impact of dietary gangliosides on brain metabolism is not fully understood. The impact of diets containing complex lipids rich in milk-derived ganglioside GD3 on the biosynthesis of gangliosides (assessed from the incorporation of deuterium) in the frontal lobe of a piglet model is reported. Higher levels of incorporation of deuterium was observed in the GM1 and GD1a containing stearic acid in samples from piglets fed milk containing 18.2 μg/mL of GD3 compared to that in those fed milk containing 25 μg/mL of GD3. This could suggest that the gangliosides from the diet may be used as a precursor for de novo biosynthesis of brain gangliosides or lead to the reduction of de novo biosynthesis of these gangliosides. This effect was more pronounced in the left compared to that in the right brain hemisphere