Boxplot comparing Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity statistics using test data and the cross-validation mean for each season and each of 5 forms using the final set of predictor variables in modeling patterns of season distribution of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America.

<p>G = Generalized Linear Models using logistic regression in a maximum likelihood framework; M = Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines; B = Boosted Regression Trees; R = Random Forest; X = Maxent approach to maximum entropy modeling.</p

Ensemble maps for each season and sex for hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in the United States using ensemble binary prediction from 5 species distribution model forms.

<p>Locations of > 47,000 industrial wind turbines in the contiguous United States are indicated by black stars. The color ramp indicates the proportion of the 5 SDM model runs for each season that are considered suitable habitat. Darkest blue indicates that all of the models predict the area to be suitable habitat, while lightest blue indicates that all of the models predict the area to be unsuitable habitat. The histogram associated with each map shows the empirical distribution for mean habitat suitability for all wind turbines in the United States, estimated using the 5 SDM approaches. Negative (left) skewness in the histograms, or higher frequencies of values toward the right side (= 1) of the horizontal axis, indicate overlap between modeled suitable habitat and turbine locations.</p

Comparison of Area Under the Curve (AUC) statistic using test data and the cross-validation mean for each season and each of 5 species distribution model forms using the final set of predictor variables in modeling patterns of seasonal distribution of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America.

<p>Bold numbers indicate the highest AUC score for the season and sex. GLM = Generalized Linear Models using logistic regression in a maximum likelihood framework; MARS = Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines; BRT = Boosted Regression Trees; RF = Random Forest; Maxent = Maxent approach to maximum entropy modeling.</p><p>Comparison of Area Under the Curve (AUC) statistic using test data and the cross-validation mean for each season and each of 5 species distribution model forms using the final set of predictor variables in modeling patterns of seasonal distribution of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America.</p

Appendix A. Discussion of caveats associated with the analysis and an assessment of the origin-estimation model.

Discussion of caveats associated with the analysis and an assessment of the origin-estimation model

Spatial extent and occurrence record locations of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America, 1950–2000.

<p>Spatial extent and occurrence record locations of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America, 1950–2000.</p

Appendix B. Maps showing densities of occurrence locations of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) in eastern North America, grouped by sex.

Maps showing densities of occurrence locations of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) and hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) in eastern North America, grouped by sex

Final set of predictor variables used in modeling patterns of season distribution of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America.

<p>Final set of predictor variables used in modeling patterns of season distribution of hoary bats (<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>) in North America.</p

Appendix F. Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 19 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) found dead beneath wind turbines at a wind energy facility in New York from 20 July to 9 September 2007 probably molted into new hair the previous summer.

Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 19 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) found dead beneath wind turbines at a wind energy facility in New York from 20 July to 9 September 2007 probably molted into new hair the previous summer

Appendix E. Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 18 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) found dead beneath wind turbines at a wind energy facility in Texas between 14 August and 12 September 2008 probably molted into new hair the previous summer.

Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 18 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) found dead beneath wind turbines at a wind energy facility in Texas between 14 August and 12 September 2008 probably molted into new hair the previous summer

Appendix D. Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 59 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) sampled during spring migration at a site in New Mexico between 8 and 23 May 2002 probably molted into new hair the previous summer.

Video sequence of probability density surfaces showing areas where stable hydrogen isotope analysis indicated that 59 individual hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) sampled during spring migration at a site in New Mexico between 8 and 23 May 2002 probably molted into new hair the previous summer