Succès et durabilité de la réorganisation, recette miracle ou construits sociaux spécifiques

Dans un premier temps, ce texte passe en revue les deux principales théories actuellement les plus présentes dans l'étude des changements en milieux de travail: 1) l'une plus ancienne, mais connaissant un regain d'intérêt sous une version révisée, soit le développement organisationnel dans sa version managériale, 2)l'autre toute récente, soit la théorie des négociations stratégiques. Dans un deuxième temps, sur la base d'une critique de ces deux théories et en s'appuyant sur la théorie de la régulation ainsi que sur la sociologie des organisations (version française de Crozier et Friedberg), nous construisons un modèle théorique du milieu de travail, permettant de mieux cerner le changement et, en conséquence, de s'attarder à certaines de ses conditions de succès et de durabilité

Sustainable leaf harvesting and effects of plant density on wild leek cultivation plots and natural stands in Southern Quebec, Canada

Overharvesting reduces the populations of wild leek in deciduous temperate forests of North America. Forest farming relying on planted bulbs that are fertilized and selectively harvested could enhance and sustain wild leek production. Density reduction following bulb harvest could improve yield in natural wild leek stands that reach growth-limiting densities. Limiting the harvest to leaves may also provide an alternative form of exploitation, but could slow growth by reducing both carbon and nutrient reserves depending on the timing and intensity of such harvest. Our objectives were to assess the effects of (1) planting density and post-harvest density reduction, and (2) the timing and intensity of leaf harvest on subsequent growth and reproduction of wild leek. Three experiments were established. Bulbs were planted at densities from 44 to 356 bulbs m-2 , covering the range surveyed in natural populations. Plots in dense populations were subjected to up to 40 % bulb harvest. In cultivated plots, either half or all the leaves on each plant were harvested, from 15 to 25 days after unfolding. Plants growing in higher density plots exhibited slower growth and reproduction rates, but greater productivity per cultivated area. A similar effect, albeit marginal, was obtained following bulb harvests in natural populations. Harvesting leaves did not affect survival, but delaying the harvest and harvesting only half of the leaves favored subsequent plant growth. We recommend harvesting down to a fixed bulb density rather than harvesting a percentage of bulbs, and harvesting leaves only as ways to ensure sustainable exploitation of leeks

L’efficacité de la politique budgétaire en économie ouverte

The debate between keynesians and monetarists on the effectiveness of fiscal policy has been going for quite a long time, and all efforts to resolve it have met with little success. While everyone would agree that the controversy can only be resolved on empirical grounds, there is no agreement among the two schools as to what constitutes an appropriate test of their respective theories. In this paper, a small macroeconomic model has been developed which incorporates the major elements of the keynesian-monetarist debate and which can produce either keynesian or monetarist results, depending upon the values taken by the particular sets of coefficients. The model has not been estimated and is not designed, therefore, to evaluate the actual impact of fiscal policy measures in Canada. Rather the coefficients of the model have been either borrowed from existing models or set a priori, in order to identify those aspects or parameters of the model which are most important in determining the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Simulations performed with the model indicate a number of factors that are critical in producing either Keynesian or monetarist results. These are: 1) the expected—real—interest elasticity of private real investment; 2) the substitutability between government bonds, money and other assets; 3) the specification of wage behaviour and the degree of influence of price expectations; 4) the sensitivity of nominal interest rates to changes in the inflationary expectations; 5) the extent to which future taxes are anticipated by consumers and 6) the mechanism for determining the price of exports

Participation et partenariat à Cascades-Jonquière: impasse temporaire ou impossible projet?

Cette étude se propose d'analyser les transformations actuellement à l'oeuvre dans le monde du travail, du syndicalisme et des entreprises. Elle se penche plus particulièrement sur l'organisation et les relations de travail afin d'analyser les formes nouvelles de participation et de partenariat. Sur la base d'une recherche empirique et qualitative, le travail à la cartonnerie Jonquière de Cascades est étudié dans ses principales dimensions et dans son évolution récente. Bien que l'efficacité et la qualité de la production se soient considérablement accrues, la participation et le partenariat sont encore à l'état de projet et leur contenu divise grandement les acteurs sociaux concernés