7,061 research outputs found
Learning single-image 3D reconstruction by generative modelling of shape, pose and shading
We present a unified framework tackling two problems: class-specific 3D
reconstruction from a single image, and generation of new 3D shape samples.
These tasks have received considerable attention recently; however, most
existing approaches rely on 3D supervision, annotation of 2D images with
keypoints or poses, and/or training with multiple views of each object
instance. Our framework is very general: it can be trained in similar settings
to existing approaches, while also supporting weaker supervision. Importantly,
it can be trained purely from 2D images, without pose annotations, and with
only a single view per instance. We employ meshes as an output representation,
instead of voxels used in most prior work. This allows us to reason over
lighting parameters and exploit shading information during training, which
previous 2D-supervised methods cannot. Thus, our method can learn to generate
and reconstruct concave object classes. We evaluate our approach in various
settings, showing that: (i) it learns to disentangle shape from pose and
lighting; (ii) using shading in the loss improves performance compared to just
silhouettes; (iii) when using a standard single white light, our model
outperforms state-of-the-art 2D-supervised methods, both with and without pose
supervision, thanks to exploiting shading cues; (iv) performance improves
further when using multiple coloured lights, even approaching that of
state-of-the-art 3D-supervised methods; (v) shapes produced by our model
capture smooth surfaces and fine details better than voxel-based approaches;
and (vi) our approach supports concave classes such as bathtubs and sofas,
which methods based on silhouettes cannot learn.Comment: Extension of arXiv:1807.09259, accepted to IJCV. Differentiable
renderer available at https://github.com/pmh47/dir
Transformation of the paradigm in intestinal failure: future prognostication and quality of life, not just survival
No abstract available
Conversion Efficiencies of Heteronuclear Feshbach Molecules
We study the conversion efficiency of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in
population imbalanced atomic gases formed by ramping the magnetic field
adiabatically. We extend the recent work [J. E. Williams et al., New J. Phys.,
8, 150 (2006)] on the theory of Feshbach molecule formations to various
combinations of quantum statistics of each atomic component. A simple
calculation for a harmonically trapped ideal gas is in good agreement with the
recent experiment [S. B. Papp and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 180404
(2006)] without any fitting parameters. We also give the conversion efficiency
as an explicit function of initial peak phase space density of the majority
species for population imbalanced gases. In the low-density region where
Bose-Einstein condensation does not appear, the conversion efficiency is a
monotonic function of the initial peak phase space density, but independent of
statistics of a minority component. The quantum statistics of majority atoms
has a significant effect on the conversion efficiency. In addition,
Bose-Einstein condensation of an atomic component is the key element
determining the maximum conversion efficiency.Comment: 46 pages, 32 figure
Structured Visions In The Novels Of John Hawkes
John Hawkes\u27 novels can be seen as expressing a dialectic between the act of fictional ordering and the chaos of a reality which is potentially subject to the ordering process but which ultimately threatens to dissolve such designs as are present in created or fictional reality. Both Hawkes and many of his protagonists, particularly his first-person narrators, are determined to create a world. As creators and visionary artists, they manifest a need to transform or transcend those forces which oppress them and oppose their efforts to create self-contained worlds based on principles of order, design and clarity; as embodiments of an ordering aesthetic, they battle against the powers of anti-art and often a specific antagonist who represents these powers.;The worlds of such visionary artists are unstable; they reflect creative man\u27s endeavors to impose meaningful order rather than the enduring strength of aesthetic imperatives. In Hawkes\u27 earliest fiction, the artist-figure is stifled by external forces; anti-art in its various forms dominates the worlds of The Cannibal and The Beetle Leg. It is Hawkes himself, through linguistic and stylistic devices, through the structuring capacity, who exhibits the authorial (and authoritarian) need to impose a sense of order and coherence on a world characterized by random eruptions of violence and chaotic disturbances emanating from undefined and unacknowledged human motivations and impulses. From the constant authorial presence manifested in early novels, Hawkes becomes concerned, in his first-person narratives, with filtering a sense of authoritarian will through the visions of narrators who are intent on shaping their own worlds and utilizing the energies of the unconscious and their imaginative capacity. The artist comes to define himself through his thorough isolation from others and from external reality: his quest is for an artistic purity to which he obsessively dedicates himself.;As the worlds of these artists become more confining, they also become more problematical. Many of the concerns of the visionary artist reflect Hawkes\u27 own fictional values. In novels like Travesty and Virginie Hawkes seems to be testing these values, exploring the ultimate reaches of a fictional aesthetic he has consistently expressed in interviews and essays throughout his career
Small Molecules for Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation
Stem cell homeostasis and differentiation are controlled by the complex interplay of a wide range of signalling pathways and small molecules, including all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). The endogenous effects elicited by ATRA, have led to its use in numerous in vitro protocols as a tool for cell differentiation. However, ATRA isomerises and degrades under standard laboratory conditions and furthermore, is rapidly metabolised in vivo, which leads to pleotropic effects and a high efficacious dose response. Consequently, synthetic analogues that are structurally and/or functionally equivalent to ATRA have been developed, as alternative pharmacological tools to further the understanding of this molecular pathway and control cell differentiation.In this study a small library of synthetic retinoids were prepared, which were designed to probe structural size, conformation and biological function, while being more resistant to cellular metabolism and isomerisation. Their stability towards fluorescent light was examined along with their activity in four different stem cell models. Two compounds, AH60 and AH61 were found to inhibit cellular proliferation and induce neural differentiation, through acting on the retinoic acid receptor pathway. Compared to ATRA, AH60 was approximately 10-fold more active, while AH61 was 100-fold more active in two of the cell models tested. These compounds are described comprehensively herein, and should be suitable and convenient alternatives to ATRA and 13cRA for use in in vitro studies carried out by cell and molecular biologists. In addition, an unrelated small molecule, neuropathiazol, has been synthesised to further characterise both the chemistry involved in its production and its biological activity in controlling cell differentiation. This compound was highlighted in the literature as an alternative to ATRA, for inducing neural differentiation in neural progenitor cells. We have further investigated its potential to differentiate other neural stem cell types and pluripotent stem cells. In addition potential analogues of neuropathiazol are discussed, as compounds of this nature are potentially highly useful for selectively controlling neural differentiation.
Development and Testing of a Multiple Filter Approach for Precise DGPS Positioning and Carrier-Phase Ambiguity Resolution
The most precise relative positioning obtained using differential GPS depends on accurately determining carrier-phase integer ambiguities. To achieve high precision, many current static and kinematic algorithms use a floating-point solution until enough information becomes available to fix the carrier-phase ambiguities accurately. A mew method is presented that uses a multiple model Kalman filter to resolve the carrier-phase integer ambiguities. This method starts with the floating-point results, yet smoothly and rapidly attains the precision of the correct fixed-integer solution, eliminating the need to decide when to switch from the floating to the fixed-integer solution. This method is based on a theoretically correct blending of solutions from multiple filters. This new technique is computationally efficient, providing a robust navigation solution useful in demanding applications such as precision landing and autonomous navigation. The new method was evaluated during static ground and flight tests. Initial results indicate that the new method is capable of quickly resolving the carrier-phase ambiguities and provides a highly accurate (centimeter-level) navigation solution. However, the performance of the new method depends on the correct carrier-phase ambiguity set being hypothesized by one of the multiple filters. Recommendations for further research are included
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