Adoption of dynamic simulation for an energy performance rating tool for Korean residential buildings : EDEM-SAMSUNG

Currently, there is a high emphasis on reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings worldwide. Korea is facing an emerging issue of energy savings in buildings in perspective of new green economic policy. In this context, various policy measures including the energy efficiency ratings for buildings are being implemented for domestic and non-domestic buildings. In practice, design teams tend to prefer easy to use assessment tools to optimise energy performance and carbon ratings while they are concerned about calculation accuracy and the accurate representation of the dynamics involved associated with the characteristics of Korean residential buildings. This paper presents an assessment tool, named ‘EDEM-Samsung’ that aims to address these challenges for Korean residential apartments, which often encounter complex design issues. EDEM-Samsung is a tool that enables users to make rapid decisions identifying the effect of design parameter changes on energy and carbon ratings with an effective user interface and without compromising accuracy. This paper describes the architecture and functionalities of the tool, and the advantages offered to Korean designers

The Peculiar Atmospheric Chemistry of KELT-9b

The atmospheric temperatures of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b straddle the transition between gas giants and stars, and therefore between two traditionally distinct regimes of atmospheric chemistry. Previous theoretical studies assume the atmosphere of KELT-9b to be in chemical equilibrium. Despite the high ultraviolet flux from KELT-9, we show using photochemical kinetics calculations that the observable atmosphere of KELT-9b is predicted to be close to chemical equilibrium, which greatly simplifies any theoretical interpretation of its spectra. It also makes the atmosphere of KELT-9b, which is expected to be cloudfree, a tightly constrained chemical system that lends itself to a clean set of theoretical predictions. Due to the lower pressures probed in transmission (compared to emission) spectroscopy, we predict the abundance of water to vary by several orders of magnitude across the atmospheric limb depending on temperature, which makes water a sensitive thermometer. Carbon monoxide is predicted to be the dominant molecule under a wide range of scenarios, rendering it a robust diagnostic of the metallicity when analyzed in tandem with water. All of the other usual suspects (acetylene, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, methane) are predicted to be subdominant at solar metallicity, while atomic oxygen, iron and magnesium are predicted to have relative abundances as high as 1 part in 10,000. Neutral atomic iron is predicted to be seen through a forest of optical and near-infrared lines, which makes KELT-9b suitable for high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy with HARPS-N or CARMENES. We summarize future observational prospects of characterizing the atmosphere of KELT-9b.Comment: Accepted by ApJ. 9 pages, 6 figures. Corrected minor errors in Figures 1a and 1b (some line styles were switched by accident), text and conclusions unchanged, these minor changes will be updated in final ApJ proo

Thermal performance of two heat exchangers for thermoelectric generators

Thermal performance of heat exchanger is important for potential application in integrated solar cell/module and thermoelectric generator (TEG) system. Usually, thermal performance of a heat exchanger for TEGs is analysed by using a 1D heat conduction theory which ignores the detailed phenomena associated with thermo-hydraulics. In this paper, thermal and mass transports in two different exchangers are simulated by means of a steady-state, 3D turbulent flow k -e model with a heat conduction module under various flow rates. In order to simulate an actual working situation of the heat exchangers, hot block with an electric heater is included in the model. TEG model is simplified by using a 1D heat conduction theory, so its thermal performance is equivalent to a real TEG. Natural convection effect on the outside surfaces of the computational model is considered. Computational models and methods used are validated under transient thermal and electrical experimental conditions of a TEG. It is turned out that the two heat exchangers designed have a better thermal performance compared with an existing heat exchanger for TEGs, and more importantly, the fin heat exchanger is more compact and has nearly half temperature rise compared with the tube heat exchanger

Bogomol'nyi equations for solitons in Maxwell-Chern-Simons gauge theories with the magnetic moment interaction term

Without assuming rotational invariance, we derive Bogomol'nyi equations for the solitons in the abelian Chern-Simons gauge theories with the anomalous magnetic moment interaction. We also evaluate the number of zero modes around a static soliton configuration.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, SNUTP-94/6

Monocyclic aromatic amines as potential human carcinogens: old is new again

Alkylanilines are a group of chemicals whose ubiquitous presence in the environment is a result of the multitude of sources from which they originate. Exposure assessments indicate that most individuals experience lifelong exposure to these compounds. Many alkylanilines have biological activity similar to that of the carcinogenic multi-ring aromatic amines. This review provides an overview of human exposure and biological effects. It also describes recent investigations into the biochemical mechanisms of action that lead to the assessment that they are most probably more complex than those of the more extensively investigated multi-ring aromatic amines. Not only is nitrenium ion chemistry implicated in DNA damage by alkylanilines but also reactions involving quinone imines and perhaps reactive oxygen species. Recent results described here indicate that alkylanilines can be potent genotoxins for cultured mammalian cells when activated by exogenous or endogenous phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. The nature of specific DNA damage products responsible for mutagenicity remains to be identified but evidence to date supports mechanisms of activation through obligatory N-hydroxylation as well as subsequent conjugation by sulfation and/or acetylation. A fuller understanding of the mechanisms of alkylaniline genotoxicity is expected to provide important insights into the environmental and genetic origins of one or more human cancers and may reveal a substantial role for this group of compounds as potential human chemical carcinogens.National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (PO1-ES006052)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30-ES002109

A crystal/melt partitioning study for sulfur and halogens: pyroxenes as probes for assessing gas loads in LIP magmas

A link between magmatism from Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and mass extinctions has been observed at leastin five occasions in the Phanerozoic. Volatile species such as S, C and halogen compounds severely impactedthe global environment, released both from melts and thermal metamorphism of volatile-rich sediments. It is stillchallenging to obtain quantitative estimates of the degassed volatiles for ancient magmatic systems, particularly inthe absence of melt inclusions. We propose to fill the gap of knowledge on sulfur partitioning between mineralsand melts, at the aim of using phenocrysts as probes of volatile contents in the melts from which they crystallized.Measuring a volatile concentration in natural minerals (chiefly clinopyroxene) and combining it with an experi-mentally determined partition coefficient (KD), the volatile load in basaltic equilibrium melts can be calculated.We measured a clinopyroxene/melt sulfur KD of 0.0009\ub10.0001 for basaltic experiments performed at conditionstypical of LIP basalts (FMQ-2; 800-1000 MPa; 1000 \u30a-1350 \u30aC), through ion microprobe (Nordsim). Basaltic ex-periments were also simultaneously analyzed for Cl and F. For these elements the measured clinopyroxene/meltKDs were more variable, 0.0071\ub10.0052 and 0.1985\ub10.087, respectively. Compatibility of sulfur, chlorine andfluorine in clinopyroxene from basaltic systems is markedly different (F>Cl>S), in agreement with what observedby previous studies, and the partition coefficient is well constrained around 0.001 for S. Application of the newlymeasured sulfur KD to samples from thoroughly-dated lava piles from the Deccan Traps and from the SiberianTraps sills reveal that most of the basalts were at or near sulfide saturation (up to ca. 2000 ppm for low fO2melts)

Radiation-induced Assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 Recombination Complex Requires ATM and c-Abl

Cells from individuals with the recessive cancer-prone disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation (I-R). ATM (mutated in A-T) is a protein kinase whose activity is stimulated by I-R. c-Abl, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, interacts with ATM and is activated by ATM following I-R. Rad51 is a homologue of bacterial RecA protein required for DNA recombination and repair. Here we demonstrate that there is an I-R-induced Rad51 tyrosine phosphorylation, and this induction is dependent on both ATM and c-Abl. ATM, c-Abl, and Rad51 can be co-immunoprecipitated from cell extracts. Consistent with the physical interaction, c-Abl phosphorylates Rad51 in vitro and in vivo. In assays using purified components, phosphorylation of Rad51 by c-Abl enhances complex formation between Rad51 and Rad52, which cooperates with Rad51 in recombination and repair. After I-R, an increase in association between Rad51 and Rad52 occurs in wild-type cells but not in cells with mutations that compromise ATM or c-Abl. Our data suggest signaling mediated through ATM, and c-Abl is required for the correct post-translational modification of Rad51, which is critical for the assembly of Rad51 repair protein complex following I-R

Quantum Aspects of Supersymmetric Maxwell Chern-Simons Solitons

We study the various quantum aspects of the $N=2$ supersymmetric Maxwell Chern-Simons vortex systems. The fermion zero modes around the vortices will give rise the degenerate states of vortices. We analyze the angular momentum of these zero modes and apply the result to get the supermultiplet structures of the vortex. The leading quantum correction to the mass of the vortex coming from the mode fluctuations is also calculated using various methods depending on the value of the coefficient of the Chern-Simons term $\kappa$ to be zero, infinite and finite, separately. The mass correction is shown to vanish for all cases. Fermion numbers of vortices are also discussed.Comment: 40 pages, ReVTeX, HYUPT-94/04 SNUTP 94-6