Geographic distribution of virologically-confirmed type 2 cVDPV cases in Egypt between 1988 and 1993.

<p>Individual cases are represented by filled circles of different sizes to show the year of paralysis onset. Population density for Egypt in 1990 is shown by governorate.</p

Summary of estimated number of cVDPV infections associated with five small-scale cVDPV outbreaks

<p>Summary of estimated number of cVDPV infections associated with five small-scale cVDPV outbreaks</p

The distribution of reported cVDPV cases in Egypt (grey bars) is shown on the left hand axis. The estimated number of infections (dotted line) between 1983 (when the initiating infection is estimated to have occurred) and the end of the outbreak is plotted against the right hand axis, and represents a best estimate of the distribution of infections.

<p>The approximation for the number of infections is represented by the area under the curve, and assumes a constant case to infection ratio of 1∶1000, and average case ascertainment of ∼10%.</p

<i>(adapted from </i><i>Fig 1</i><i>; Estivariz et al. 2008 JID 197: 347–354)</i> Geographic distribution of virologically-confirmed and polio-compatible type 1 cVDPV cases on Madura, Indonesia between June and October 2005.

<p>Population density in Madura for 2005 is shown by district</p

Geographic distribution of virologically-confirmed cases (represented by grey circles) and polio compatible cases (represented by filled stars) associated with type 1 cVDPV outbreak in Hispaniola between July 2000 and July 2001.

<p>Environmental samples that were positive for type 1 cVDPV isolates are represented by light grey triangles.</p

Temporal distribution of virologically-confirmed (grey bars) and compatible cVDPV cases (dashed bars) in Madura, plotted against the left axis. The estimated number of infections (dotted lines) between the estimated date of the initiating infection and the end of the outbreak is shown against the right hand axis.

<p>The number and temporal distribution of these infections represents our best estimate, assuming average case ascertainment of 80%, and constant case to infection ratios of 1∶200 (----) or 1∶1000 (- - -). Black arrows indicate the dates of NIDs.</p

Comparison of copy numbers of short tandem repeat loci from multiple biopsies taken at a single timepoint from different anatomical locations, from individual patients in Malawi.

<p>Histopathological classifications in column 3.</p

Comparison of copy numbers of short tandem repeat loci from multiple biopsies taken from the same anatomical location at different times, from individual patients in Malawi.

<p>The initial biopsies of patients 4 and 5 are included in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000214#pntd-0000214-t003" target="_blank">Tables 3</a> and <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000214#pntd-0000214-t004" target="_blank">4</a>, respectively.</p>*<p>The biopsy from patient 8 in 1990 was considered by the histopathologist to show “normal epidermis”.</p

Comparison of copy numbers of short tandem repeat loci in biopsies from patients in multicase families in India.

<p>All members of each family group lived in the same household residence except for individuals marked ^*, who lived in separate residences nearby, and individual marked ^** who lived in another household, in another village. Abbreviations: <i>rrxn = </i>reversal reaction (type 1 reaction); <i>rel = </i>relapse; <i>enl = </i>erythema nodosum leprosum (type 2 reaction).</p

Distribution of copy numbers of seven different short tandem repeat loci in the 43 Malawi biopsies.

<p>Numbers in the table give the number of biopsies with each particular number of copies of each of seven tandem repeat loci. The “reference” strain was derived from a patient in USA; the “sequence” strain was derived from a South Indian patient (Cole et al, 2001).</p