Pilot Cognitive Functioning and Training Outcomes

The predictive validity of scores from two cognitive functioning tests, the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and MicroCog, was examined for initial pilot training outcomes. In addition to training completion, academic grades, daily flying grades, check ride grades, and class rank were available for graduates. Mean score comparisons and correlations in samples of between 5,582 and 12,924 trainees across the two tests showed small, but statistically significant, relationships with training performance. The results pointed to general cognitive ability as the main predictor of training performance. Comparisons with results from studies involving US Air Force pilot aptitude tests showed lower validities for these cognitive functioning tests. This finding likely occurred because the pilot aptitude tests measure additional factors (e.g., aviation knowledge/experience, psychomotor) that are predictive of training success, but not measured by these cognitive functioning tests, which were designed primarily to be used for clinical assessment

Denying the right to work. German trade regulation and anti-gypsy policy 1871-1914

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in History of Retailing and Consumption on 17/01/2021, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2020.1859928 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.This article examines the role that a discriminatory application of the German Trade Code (Gewerbeordnung) played in the ‘Gypsy’ policy of the German Second Empire. It argues that the Code became central to the legalistic, bureaucratic form that their persecution assumed in this period, serving to criminalize the itinerant lifestyle of the Sinti and Roma and contributing greatly to their social and economic marginalization