997 research outputs found
Non-Extremality, Chemical Potential and the Infrared limit of Large N Thermal QCD
Non-extremal solution with warped resolved-deformed conifold background is
important to study the infrared limit of large N thermal QCD. Earlier works in
this direction have not taken into account all the back-reactions on the
geometry, namely from the branes, fluxes, and black-hole carefully. In the
present work we make some progress in this direction by solving explicitly the
supergravity equations of motions in the presence of the backreaction from the
black-hole. The backreactions from the branes and the fluxes on the other hand
and to the order that we study, are comparatively suppressed. Our analysis
reveal, among other things, how the resolution parameter would depend on the
horizon radius and how the RG flows of the coupling constants should be
understood in these scenarios, including their effects on the background
three-form fluxes. We also study the effect of switching on a chemical
potential in the background and, in a particularly simplified scenario, compute
the actual value of the chemical potential for our case.Comment: 61 pages, LaTex, 3 eps figures; v2: Some corrections done in sec 2.1
to sharpen the regime of validity of our results. Text expanded, typos
corrected and minor corrections added to the other sections; v3: Text
expanded at various places, typos corrected and references added. Final
version to appear in Physical Review
The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XV. A Cepheid Distance to the Fornax Cluster and Its Implications
Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 37 long-period Cepheid variables have
been discovered in the Fornax Cluster spiral galaxy NGC 1365. The resulting V
and I period-luminosity relations yield a true distance modulus of 31.35 +/-
0.07 mag, which corresponds to a distance of 18.6 +/- 0.6 Mpc. This measurement
provides several routes for estimating the Hubble Constant. (1) Assuming this
distance for the Fornax Cluster as a whole yields a local Hubble Constant of 70
+/-18_{random} [+/-7]_{systematic} km/s/Mpc. (2) Nine Cepheid-based distances
to groups of galaxies out to and including the Fornax and Virgo clusters yield
Ho = 73 (+/-16)_r [+/-7]_s km/s/Mpc. (3) Recalibrating the I-band Tully-Fisher
relation using NGC 1365 and six nearby spiral galaxies, and applying it to 15
galaxy clusters out to 100 Mpc gives Ho = 76 (+/-3)_r [+/-8]_s km/s/Mpc. (4)
Using a broad-based set of differential cluster distance moduli ranging from
Fornax to Abell 2147 gives Ho = 72 (+/-)_r [+/-6]_s km/s/Mpc. And finally, (5)
Assuming the NGC 1365 distance for the two additional Type Ia supernovae in
Fornax and adding them to the SnIa calibration (correcting for light curve
shape) gives Ho = 67 (+/-6)_r [+/-7]_s km/s/Mpc out to a distance in excess of
500 Mpc. All five of these Ho determinations agree to within their statistical
errors. The resulting estimate of the Hubble Constant combining all these
determinations is Ho = 72 (+/-5)_r [+/-12]_s km/s/Mpc.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, Apr. 10 issue
28 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures (Correct figures and abstract
On the screening of static electromagnetic fields in hot QED plasmas
We study the screening of static magnetic and electric fields in massless
quantum electrodynamics (QED) and massless scalar electrodynamics (SQED) at
temperature . Various exact relations for the static polarisation tensor are
first reviewed and then verified perturbatively to fifth order (in the
coupling) in QED and fourth order in SQED, using different resummation
techniques. The magnetic and electric screening masses squared, as defined
through the pole of the static propagators, are also calculated to fifth order
in QED and fourth order in SQED, and their gauge-independence and
renormalisation-group invariance is checked. Finally, we provide arguments for
the vanishing of the magnetic mass to all orders in perturbation theory.Comment: 37 pages, 8 figure
Relativistic three-body bound states and the reduction from four to three dimensions
Beginning with an effective field theory based upon meson exchange, the
Bethe-Salpeter equation for the three-particle propagator (six-point function)
is obtained. Using the one-boson-exchange form of the kernel, this equation is
then analyzed using time-ordered perturbation theory, and a three-dimensional
equation for the propagator is developed. The propagator consists of a
pre-factor in which the relative energies are fixed by the initial state of the
particles, an intermediate part in which only global propagation of the
particles occurs, and a post-factor in which relative energies are fixed by the
final state of the particles. The pre- and post-factors are necessary in order
to account for the transition from states where particles are off their mass
shell to states described by the global propagator with all of the particle
energies on shell. The pole structure of the intermediate part of the
propagator is used to determine the equation for the three-body bound state: a
Schr{\"o}dinger-like relativistic equation with a single, global Green's
function. The role of the pre- and post-factors in the relativistic dynamics is
to incorporate the poles of the breakup channels in the initial and final
states. The derivation of this equation by integrating over the relative times
rather than via a constraint on relative momenta allows the inclusion of
retardation and dynamical boost corrections without introducing unphysical
singularities.Comment: REVTeX, 21 pages, 4 figures, epsf.st
Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants associate with prevalent kidney but not prevalent cardiovascular disease in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.
Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) G1 and G2 coding variants are strongly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African Americans (AAs). Here APOL1 association was tested with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 2571 AAs from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), a trial assessing effects of systolic blood pressure reduction on renal and CVD outcomes. Logistic regression models that adjusted for potentially important confounders tested for association between APOL1 risk variants and baseline clinical CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary, or carotid artery revascularization) and CKD (eGFR under 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and/or UACR over 30 mg/g). AA SPRINT participants were 45.3% female with a mean (median) age of 64.3 (63) years, mean arterial pressure 100.7 (100) mm Hg, eGFR 76.3 (77.1) ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and UACR 49.9 (9.2) mg/g, and 8.2% had clinical CVD. APOL1 (recessive inheritance) was positively associated with CKD (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.73) and log UACR estimated slope (β) 0.33) and negatively associated with eGFR (β -3.58), all significant. APOL1 risk variants were not significantly associated with prevalent CVD (1.02, 0.82-1.27). Thus, SPRINT data show that APOL1 risk variants are associated with mild CKD but not with prevalent CVD in AAs with a UACR under 1000 mg/g
The Evaluation of V_{ud}, Experiment and Theory
The value of the V_{ud} matrix element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM)
matrix can be derived from nuclear superallowed beta decays, neutron decay, and
pion beta decay. We survey current world data for all three. Today, the most
precise value of V_{ud} comes from the nuclear decays; however, the precision
is limited not by experimental error but by the estimated uncertainty in
theoretical corrections. Experimental uncertainty does limit the neutron-decay
result, which, though statistically consistent with the nuclear result, is
approximately a factor of three poorer in precision. The value obtained for
leads to a result that differs at the 98% confidence level from the
unitarity condition for the CKM matrix. We examine the reliability of the small
calculated corrections that have been applied to the data, and assess the
likelihood of even higher quality nuclear data becoming available to confirm or
deny the discrepancy. Some of the required experiments depend upon the
availability of intense radioactive beams. Others are possible today.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, LaTe
HST observations of the Local Group dwarf galaxy Leo I
We present deep HST F555W (V) and F814W (I) observations of a central field
in the Local Group dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy Leo I. The resulting
color-magnitude diagram (CMD) reaches I \simeq 26 and reveals the oldest ~10-15
Gyr old turnoffs. Nevertheless, a horizontal branch is not obvious in the CMD.
Given the low metallicity of the galaxy, this likely indicates that the first
substantial star formation in the galaxy may have been somehow delayed in Leo I
in comparison with the other dSph satellites of the Milky Way. The subgiant
region is well and uniformly populated from the oldest turnoffs up to the 1 Gyr
old turnoff, indicating that star formation has proceeded in a continuous way,
with possible variations in intensity but no big gaps between successive
bursts, over the galaxy's lifetime. The structure of the red-clump of core
He-burning stars is consistent with the large amount of intermediate-age
population inferred from the main sequence and the subgiant region. In spite of
the lack of gas in Leo I, the CMD clearly shows star formation continuing until
1 Gyr ago and possibly until a few hundred Myrs ago in the central part of the
galaxy.Comment: 26 pages with 8 figures (fig 2 not available electronically). To be
published in ApJ, April 1 1999 (vol.514, #2
Bostonia: 1993-1994, no. 2-3
Founded in 1900, Bostonia magazine is Boston University's main alumni publication, which covers alumni and student life, as well as university activities, events, and programs
The Hubble Space Telescope Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project. X. The Cepheid Distance to NGC 7331
The distance to NGC 7331 has been derived from Cepheid variables observed
with HST/WFPC2, as part of the Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project.
Multi-epoch exposures in F555W (V) and F814W (I), with photometry derived
independently from DoPHOT and DAOPHOT/ALLFRAME programs, were used to detect a
total of 13 reliable Cepheids, with periods between 11 and 42 days. The
relative distance moduli between NGC 7331 and the LMC, imply an extinction to
NGC 7331 of A_V = 0.47+-0.15 mag, and an extinction-corrected distance modulus
to NGC 7331 of 30.89+-0.14(random) mag, equivalent to a distance of 15.1 Mpc.
There are additional systematic uncertainties in the distance modulus of +-0.12
mag due to the calibration of the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation, and a
systematic offset of +0.05+-0.04 mag if we applied the metallicity correction
inferred from the M101 results of Kennicutt et al 1998.Comment: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal, 1998 July 1, v501 note:
Figs 1 and 2 (JPEG files) and Fig 7 (multipage .eps file) need to be
viewed/printed separatel
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