Comparison results.

<p>(a) Amortized capex and opex i.e., objective function. (b) Amortized infrastructure capex. (c) Daily opex. (d) Amortized ESD capex of the two proposed systems and baseline systems. (e)-(f) The data center power consumption drawn from grid, i.e., , demonstrating the power capping capability.</p

The power delivery architectures of a data center with the distributed single-level ESDs.

<p>(a) Architecture proposed by Microsoft. (b) Architecture proposed by Google.</p

Comparisons of different <i>Hier-Hybrid</i> architectures with supercapacitor as the secondary ESD at different levels, based on the optimal <i>Hier-Homo</i> architecture.

<p>Comparisons of different <i>Hier-Hybrid</i> architectures with supercapacitor as the secondary ESD at different levels, based on the optimal <i>Hier-Homo</i> architecture.</p

Summary of key characteristics of ESDs.

<p>Summary of key characteristics of ESDs.</p

Illustration of the proposed <i>Hier-Homo</i> architecture.

<p>Illustration of the proposed <i>Hier-Homo</i> architecture.</p

Illustration of the proposed <i>Hier-Hybrid</i> architecture.

<p>Illustration of the proposed <i>Hier-Hybrid</i> architecture.</p

Hierarchical, closed-loop control for hierarchical ESD structure.

<p>Hierarchical, closed-loop control for hierarchical ESD structure.</p

Supplemental material from Multi-fractal characterization of bacterial swimming dynamics: a case study on real and simulated <i>Serratia marcescens</i>

Supplemental materia