9,462 research outputs found
Analytical study of electrostatic ion beam traps
The use of electrostatic ion beam traps require to set many potentials on the
electrodes (ten in our case), making the tuning much more difficult than with
quadrupole traps. In order to obtain the best trapping conditions, an
analytical formula giving the electrostatic potential inside the trap is
required. In this paper, we present a general method to calculate the
analytical expression of the electrostatic potential in any axisymmetric set of
electrodes. We use conformal mapping to simplify the geometry of the boundary.
The calculation is then performed in a space of simple geometry. We show that
this method, providing excellent accuracy, allows to obtain the potential on
the axis as an analytic function of the potentials applied to the electrodes,
thus leading to fast, accurate and efficient calculations. We conclude by
presenting stability maps depending on the potentials that enabled us to find
the good trapping conditions for oxygen 4+ at much higher energies than what
has been achieved until now.Comment: 9 page
The Missing Link - Economic Exposure and Pension Plan Risk
The funding position of a defined benefit pension plan is often closely linked to the performance of the sponsoring company's business. For example, a plan sponsor whose financial health is dependent on high oil prices may struggle during periods of oil price weakness. If the pension planâs assets perform poorly at this time, the ability of the sponsor to address any funding requirement could be restricted precisely when the need for funding is heightened.
In this paper, we propose an approach to dealing with joint plan and sponsor risk that can provide protection against extreme adverse events for the sponsor. In particular, adopt a strategy of minimising a portfolioâs expected losses in the event of an assumed drop of x% in the oil price.
Our methodology relies on an asset allocation framework which takes into account the impact of serial correlation in asset returns, as well as the negative skewness and leptokurtosis resulting from the non-normal shape of marginal distributions of historical asset returns. We also make use of copulas to measure the dependence between asset class returns
Transmission parameter uncertainty and heterogeneity in EMU: which federal monetary policy for the ECB?
Monetary Policy in EMU when the Transmission is Asymmetric and Uncertain
In this paper we address the issue of how transmission uncertainty could affect the choice between a federal monetary policy based on national data and one on aggregated data.We find that the uncertainty about the transmission process increases the need to take into account information about national economies in the formulation of optimal monetary policies in a monetary union.
Fast calibration of the Libor Market Model with Stochastic Volatility and Displaced Diffusion
This paper demonstrates the efficiency of using Edgeworth and Gram-Charlier
expansions in the calibration of the Libor Market Model with Stochastic
Volatility and Displaced Diffusion (DD-SV-LMM). Our approach brings together
two research areas; first, the results regarding the SV-LMM since the work of
Wu and Zhang (2006), especially on the moment generating function, and second
the approximation of density distributions based on Edgeworth or Gram-Charlier
expansions. By exploring the analytical tractability of moments up to fourth
order, we are able to perform an adjustment of the reference Bachelier model
with normal volatilities for skewness and kurtosis, and as a by-product to
derive a smile formula relating the volatility to the moneyness with
interpretable parameters. As a main conclusion, our numerical results show a
98% reduction in computational time for the DD-SV-LMM calibration process
compared to the classical numerical integration method developed by Heston
(1993)
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