What's missing from this picture? ethical, legal, and practical challenges for autonomous-vehicle data-recorders

Many sources propose that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) could offer societal benefits in the future. Although such claims frequently relate to safety, AVs will undoubtedly also create new types of incidents and accidents. Data related to failure or accidents will therefore be a fundamental requirement for ensuring safety, accountability and public trust. Regulations and standards are being developed for equipping AVs with data recorders, also known as Black Boxes. These devices can log different types of parameters related to the vehicle status and collect large volumes of data relating to the vehicle and the surrounding environment. Although data retrieval is vital to understanding the causes of an accident and contributing to ongoing safety developments, there can be ethical risks as well as legal, social and political implications related to collection, storage, processing, access and use of data. In this work, we took a responsible innovation approach to these questions, seeking to establish the current practice with regard to technology, people, and institutions involved with AV data recorders, evaluate the usefulness of present regulations for defining safety-critical scenarios, and identify gaps that could have significant consequences further down the line. We close with recommendations for future work and practic

Fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin with gemtuzumab ozogamicin improves event-free survival in younger patients with newly diagnosed aml and overall survival in patients with npm1 and flt3 mutations

Purpose To determine the optimal induction chemotherapy regimen for younger adults with newly diagnosed AML without known adverse risk cytogenetics. Patients and Methods One thousand thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to intensified (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin [FLAG-Ida]) or standard (daunorubicin and Ara-C [DA]) induction chemotherapy, with one or two doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Results There was no difference in remission rate after two courses between FLAG-Ida + GO and DA + GO (complete remission [CR] + CR with incomplete hematologic recovery 93% v 91%) or in day 60 mortality (4.3% v 4.6%). There was no difference in OS (66% v 63%; P = .41); however, the risk of relapse was lower with FLAG-Ida + GO (24% v 41%; P < .001) and 3-year event-free survival was higher (57% v 45%; P < .001). In patients with an NPM1 mutation (30%), 3-year OS was significantly higher with FLAG-Ida + GO (82% v 64%; P = .005). NPM1 measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance was also greater, with 88% versus 77% becoming MRD-negative in peripheral blood after cycle 2 (P = .02). Three-year OS was also higher in patients with a FLT3 mutation (64% v 54%; P = .047). Fewer transplants were performed in patients receiving FLAG-Ida + GO (238 v 278; P = .02). There was no difference in outcome according to the number of GO doses, although NPM1 MRD clearance was higher with two doses in the DA arm. Patients with core binding factor AML treated with DA and one dose of GO had a 3-year OS of 96% with no survival benefit from FLAG-Ida + GO. Conclusion Overall, FLAG-Ida + GO significantly reduced relapse without improving OS. However, exploratory analyses show that patients with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations had substantial improvements in OS. By contrast, in patients with core binding factor AML, outcomes were excellent with DA + GO with no FLAG-Ida benefit

The Regulation of Online Abuse in English Secondary Schools: A Socio-Legal Analysis

Online abuse is a relatively new phenomenon. It is associated with psychological harm in both victims and offenders, and impacts the lives of students in English secondary schools. Regulators have galvanised to address the problem, with policy, law and technological mechanisms employed to manage online abuse between young people. This thesis explores the regulatory frameworks relevant to online abuse amongst secondary school students, including; the duty of care of schools for their pupils, schools' statutory powers and responsibilities relevant to behaviour and safeguarding, the criminal law, technological architecture and policy decisions within the technology sector. The study reflects upon the effectiveness of the frameworks from the viewpoint of secondary school students, staff and school based police using a mixed-methods approach incorporating original qualitative data from 3 state schools in Northern England. The study identifies areas which could be improved and what aspects of regulation are more likely to benefit young people, by reducing online abuse or improving how it is managed

Responsible Innovation; responsible data. A case study in autonomous driving

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) collect a vast amount of data during their operation (MBs/sec). What data is recorded, who has access to it, and how it is analysed and used can have major technical, ethical, social, and legal implications. By embedding Responsible Innovation (RI) methods within the AV lifecycle, negative consequences resulting from inadequate data logging can be foreseen and prevented. An RI approach demands that questions of societal benefit, anticipatory governance, and stakeholder inclusion, are placed at the forefront of research considerations. Considered as foundational principles, these concepts create a contextual mindset for research that will by definition have an RI underpinning as well as application. Such an RI mindset both inspired and governed the genesis and operation of a research project on autonomous vehicles. The impact this had on research outlines and workplans, and the challenges encountered along the way are detailed, with conclusions and recommendations for RI in practice