4 research outputs found
Tetrathia[7]helicene-Based Complexes of Ferrocene and (η<sup>5</sup>-Cyclohexadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese: Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies
Tetrathia[7]helicene ([7]TH)-based complexes substituted
at the
thienyl ring ends by a ferrocenyl group (Fc) or by a (η<sup>5</sup>-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)<sub>3</sub> derivative have been prepared
by Sonogashira coupling reactions starting from the mono- or diiodo
[7]TH compounds. The molecular structure of one of the diferrocenyl
[7]TH complexes was established by X-ray analysis. Electrochemical
investigation on the Fc-[7]TH systems show that the Fc groups are
significantly electron poorer with respect to Fc (Δ<i>E</i>° ≈ 0.15 V), due to the effective conjugation of the
Fc redox moiety with the triple bond + helicene system, as also confirmed
by spectroscopic data. Potential cycling around the second oxidation
peak, assigned to the thiahelicene moiety, affords fast, regular growth
of electrodeposited conducting films, provided that one terminal α-thiophene
position be available for coupling; on the other hand, long alkyl
chains hamper film formation. The conducting films feature a broad
oxidation wave resulting from the merging of several redox peaks,
having its onset at the Fc oxidation. Since conducting films obtained
by electrooligomerization of parent tetrathiahelicene have their onset
potentials 0.45 V more positive than the Fc redox sites in this studied
Fc-[7]TH conjugates, the above continuity could point to some coupling
between Fc redox centers and conjugated π systems, favored by
solid-state stacking
Tetrathia[7]helicene-Based Complexes of Ferrocene and (η<sup>5</sup>-Cyclohexadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese: Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies
Tetrathia[7]helicene ([7]TH)-based complexes substituted
at the
thienyl ring ends by a ferrocenyl group (Fc) or by a (η<sup>5</sup>-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)<sub>3</sub> derivative have been prepared
by Sonogashira coupling reactions starting from the mono- or diiodo
[7]TH compounds. The molecular structure of one of the diferrocenyl
[7]TH complexes was established by X-ray analysis. Electrochemical
investigation on the Fc-[7]TH systems show that the Fc groups are
significantly electron poorer with respect to Fc (Δ<i>E</i>° ≈ 0.15 V), due to the effective conjugation of the
Fc redox moiety with the triple bond + helicene system, as also confirmed
by spectroscopic data. Potential cycling around the second oxidation
peak, assigned to the thiahelicene moiety, affords fast, regular growth
of electrodeposited conducting films, provided that one terminal α-thiophene
position be available for coupling; on the other hand, long alkyl
chains hamper film formation. The conducting films feature a broad
oxidation wave resulting from the merging of several redox peaks,
having its onset at the Fc oxidation. Since conducting films obtained
by electrooligomerization of parent tetrathiahelicene have their onset
potentials 0.45 V more positive than the Fc redox sites in this studied
Fc-[7]TH conjugates, the above continuity could point to some coupling
between Fc redox centers and conjugated π systems, favored by
solid-state stacking
Tetrathia[7]helicene-Based Complexes of Ferrocene and (η<sup>5</sup>-Cyclohexadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese: Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies
Tetrathia[7]helicene ([7]TH)-based complexes substituted
at the
thienyl ring ends by a ferrocenyl group (Fc) or by a (η<sup>5</sup>-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)<sub>3</sub> derivative have been prepared
by Sonogashira coupling reactions starting from the mono- or diiodo
[7]TH compounds. The molecular structure of one of the diferrocenyl
[7]TH complexes was established by X-ray analysis. Electrochemical
investigation on the Fc-[7]TH systems show that the Fc groups are
significantly electron poorer with respect to Fc (Δ<i>E</i>° ≈ 0.15 V), due to the effective conjugation of the
Fc redox moiety with the triple bond + helicene system, as also confirmed
by spectroscopic data. Potential cycling around the second oxidation
peak, assigned to the thiahelicene moiety, affords fast, regular growth
of electrodeposited conducting films, provided that one terminal α-thiophene
position be available for coupling; on the other hand, long alkyl
chains hamper film formation. The conducting films feature a broad
oxidation wave resulting from the merging of several redox peaks,
having its onset at the Fc oxidation. Since conducting films obtained
by electrooligomerization of parent tetrathiahelicene have their onset
potentials 0.45 V more positive than the Fc redox sites in this studied
Fc-[7]TH conjugates, the above continuity could point to some coupling
between Fc redox centers and conjugated π systems, favored by
solid-state stacking
Physicochemical Investigation of the Panchromatic Effect on β‑Substituted Zn<sup>II</sup> Porphyrinates for DSSCs: The Role of the π Bridge between a Dithienylethylene Unit and the Porphyrinic Ring
Three novel dyes based on Zn<sup>II</sup> porphyrinates combined, in β-pyrrolic position, with
the π unit dithienylethylene (DTE) have been synthesized and
investigated for application in DSSCs. The panchromatic effect due
to elongation of the π-delocalized system through a bridge between
the porphyrinic ring and the DTE unit such as the 4-ethynylstyryl
(<b>1</b>), ethynyl (<b>2</b>), and ethenyl (<b>3</b>) bonds have been investigated by computational, electrochemical,
and photoelectrochemical methods. For all three dyes the π conjugated
substituents in the β position produced the expected panchromatic
effect with broadened electronic absorption spectra over a wide range
of wavelengths and IPCE spectra featuring a broad plateau in the region
430–650 nm. In addition both DFT computational and electrochemical
data have shown a smaller HOMO–LUMO energy gap for dye <b>3,</b> when compared to dye <b>2</b> suggesting a slightly
more facile conjugation between the porphyrinic core and the DTE unit
through the ethenylic bond. Conversely the photoelectrochemical investigation
showed improved DSSC performances from <b>3</b> to <b>1</b>. These results have been rationalized by an in-depth DFT computational
study of dyes <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> interacting with a
cluster of 82 TiO<sub>2</sub> units. The small energetic overlap between
the LUMO and the TiO<sub>2</sub> conduction band characterizing the
more structurally distorted dye <b>3</b> would suggest low quantum
yield of electron injection, while dye <b>2</b> shows a greater
interaction between the LUMO of the dye and the semiconductor. Consequently
the increased linearity and planarity of the structure of dye <b>1</b> seems to be the origin of its best performance in DSSC.
Therefore it appears that the nature of the bridge between the DTE
unit and the porphyrinic ring is quite relevant for the efficiency
of these dyes for DSSC, due to distortion from the planarity and linearity
of the structure of the dye and the consequent changes on the dye
π conjugation