Structural comparison of chain A and chain B.

<p>(A) Superposition of chain A and chain B. The MBP regions of the two chains were aligned. (B) Structure of the NLRP12 PYD domain. A. The 6 helices are labeled as H1-H6. (C) Superposition of PYD domain in chain A and chain B.</p

X-ray data collection and refinement table.

<p>X-ray data collection and refinement table.</p

Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization.

<p>(A) The disulfide bond is formed between the Cys11 residues from chain A and chain B. It is colored in gold. (B) Sequence alignment of the PYD region of selected NLRP12 and NLRP3 proteins. The helices were labeled as H1- H6. The conserved region are colored with yellow background. The conserved cysteine residues are indicated with a purple triangle. (C) Intra-molecular disulfide bond of human NLRP3 PYD. An intra-molecular disulfide bond between Cys8 and Cys108 was observed in the reported crystal structure of the human NLRP3 PYD (PDB: 3QF2).</p

Crystal structure of MBP-PYD.

<p>(A) Cartoon representation of a crystallographic asymmetric unit containing two copies of the MBP-PYD fusion protein. The MBPs are colored in grey, and the PYDs in chains A and B, are colored in green and cyan, respectively. (B) MBP-PYD structure in chain A. The amino terminus is labeled by “N” and the Carboxyl terminus is labeled by “C”. The linker region is colored in wheat and shown in sticks. The maltose molecule bound to MBP is shown in spheres.</p

Psychological consequences of child trafficking: An historical cohort study of trafficked children in contact with secondary mental health services

<div><p>Background</p><p>Child trafficking is the recruitment and movement of people aged younger than 18 for the purposes of exploitation. Research on the mental health of trafficked children is limited, and little is known about the use of mental health services by this group. This study aimed to investigate the mental health and service use characteristics of trafficked children in contact with mental health services in England.</p><p>Methods & findings</p><p>The study employed an historical cohort design. Electronic health records of over 250,000 patients were searched to identify trafficked children, and a matched cohort of non-trafficked children was randomly selected. Data were extracted on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, abuse history, and trafficking experiences of the trafficked children. Logistic and linear random effects regression models were fitted to compare trafficked and non-trafficked children on their clinical profiles and service use characteristics. Fifty-one trafficked children were identified, 78% were female. The most commonly recorded diagnoses for trafficked children were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (22%) and affective disorders (22%). Records documented a high prevalence of physical violence (53%) and sexual violence (49%) among trafficked children. Trafficked children had significantly longer duration of contact with mental health services compared to non-trafficked controls (b = 1.66, 95% CI 1.09–2.55, p<0.02). No significant differences were found, however, with regards to pathways into care, prevalence of compulsory psychiatric admission, length of inpatient stays, or changes in global functioning.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Child trafficking is associated with high levels of physical and sexual abuse and longer duration of contact with mental health services. Research is needed on most effective interventions to promote recovery for this vulnerable group.</p></div

Logistic random effects regression analyses comparing care pathways of trafficked and matched non-trafficked children in contact with secondary mental health services^a.

<p>Logistic random effects regression analyses comparing care pathways of trafficked and matched non-trafficked children in contact with secondary mental health services<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192321#t003fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Parameter values with standard errors in parenthesis estimated by fitting the standard biphasic model to viral load data.

1<p>Corresponding to a half-life <i>t</i>_1/2 = 0.067 days.</p>2<p>Corresponding to a half-life <i>t</i>_1/2 = 1.65 days.</p

Phases of viral decline affected by the effectiveness of therapy in blocking intracellular viral production and assembly/secretion.

<p>When therapy significantly blocks both intracellular viral production () and assembly/secretion (), the viral load decline has three phases (blue solid), with slopes , , and , respectively. The duration of the first phase () is about 0.25 days and the duration of the second phase () is about 0.88 days using the parameter values below. When , the first-phase viral decline with the slope is not visible (red dashed). When , the second-phase viral decline is not visible (black dash-dotted). Parameter values , , , , , , , , and are from <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002959#pcbi-1002959-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Because was chosen to be 0, when comparing the predicted duration of the first phase in this figure with clinical data one may want to add the length of the pharmacological delay to .</p

Parameter values with standard errors in parenthesis estimated by fitting the long-term approximation to viral load data and assuming , , and other fixed parameters as given in Table 2 caption.

1<p>This value is not significantly smaller than 0.</p

Parameter values with standard errors in parenthesis estimated by fitting the long-term approximation to viral load data and assuming , , , and .

1<p>This value is not significantly smaller than 0.</p