FIOL proof of concept.

<p>a) Theoretical profiles of the anterior and posterior FIOL surfaces (green line). The red line is the diffractive profile of the FIOL, designed with <i>S</i> = 2 and <i>K</i> = 3 (magnified X5 in the vertical direction in order to show the relative heights of the diffractive steps); this profile was superimposed to a pure spherical profile of a monofocal IOL radius <i>r</i> = 12.42 mm (blue line). b) Interferometric image of the constructed lens.</p

FIOL design.

<p>a) Top left: Triadic Cantor set developed up to three steps, <i>S</i> = 3; b) FIOL fractal zones distribution for <i>S =</i> 2, obtained through the coordinate transformation <i>r = b√(x)</i> c) FIOL diffractive profile obtained with <i>K</i> = 3 (see the main text for details).</p

Optical bench for in-vitro testing.

<p>The object test was mounted on a linear translation stage. As the FIOL to be tested was placed at the image focal plane of L2 we called it: Badal lens. This configuration guaranteed that the angle subtended by the test object, and consequently the spatial frequency assessed in the TF-MTF, was constant for all vergences and equal to 14 cpd. The retinal image was recorded with an X5 microscope and a CMOS camera.</p

Theoretical axial PSFs provided by a FIOL.

<p>Results for a lens with distance power 19.5 D (<i>Ad</i> = +3,5D) with different pupil diameters (Φ) and three wavelengths: λ = 490 nm (blue line); λ = 555 nm (green line), and λ = 630 nm (red line). In each plot, the dotted lines are the PSFs (λ = 555 nm) of a monofocal 19.5 D IOL.</p

Experimental TF-MTF.

<p>FIOL’s TF-MTF for 14 cpd obtained in the optical bench (Fig 6) with 4.5 mm pupil for different wavelengths. Zero defocus corresponds to far vision.</p

Theoretical visual MTF for the different pupil sizes.

<p>These results were computed from the Fourier transform of the monochromatic PSF (the MTF) for the design wavelength λ₀ = 555 nm, weighted by the neural contrast sensitivity function [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200197#pone.0200197.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>].</p

Retinal lamination observed in WT and 0.1 mM 5 dpf morphant embryos treated with PTU.

<p>Green: Alexa-fluor-488-phalloidin: actin. Blue: TOPRO: nuclei. Red: Zpr-1: double cone photoreceptors. hc: horizontal cells. os: outer segments. is: inner segments si.</p

Ultra structural architecture analysis of inner ear and stereocilia performed on MO1 morphant embryos using fluorescent staining.

<p>A. Phalloidin staining of WT larvae inner ear highlighting the three sensory areas containing stereocilia. B. Phalloidin staining of 0.1: A and B: 20 µm. C and D: 5 µm.</p

Primers used to amplify and sequence the full-length open reading frame (ORF) of <i>Ol-Ush2a</i>.

<p>Primers used to amplify and sequence the full-length open reading frame (ORF) of <i>Ol-Ush2a</i>.</p

Medaka embryos obtained after MO1 and MO2 injections.

<p><b>A, B, G, H:</b>MO1 C (A, B) and MO C (G, H) embryos at 72 hpf. <b>C, D, I, J:</b> MO1 (C, D) and MO2 (I, J) injected embryos at 72 hpf, showing a <b>mild phenotype</b>. <b>E, F, K, L:</b> MO1 (E, F) and MO2 (K, L) injected embryos at 72 hpf, showing a <b>severe phenotype</b>. Scale bars: 100 µm. Embryos in frontal (A, C, E, G, I, K) and lateral position (B, D, F, H, J, L).</p