Fathering And Toddler Emotion Regulation: Intergenerational Caregiving And Parasympathetic Processes

Emotion regulation is an essential component of adaptive childhood development that is rooted in complex and interacting environmental and biological systems (Hastings et al., 2008). Caregivers play an integral role in promoting their children’s emotion regulation (Morris et al., 2007), while children’s individual physiology affects how they react and respond to the caregiving environment (Beauchaine, 2015). Few studies have examined paternal influence on child emotion regulation, especially among low-income and African American families with toddlers. To address this limitation, the current study investigated relations among three contexts of fathering, parasympathetic regulation, and toddler emotion regulation. This study (N = 92) describes data from fathers (90% African American, 67% annual income \u3c $15,000) and their toddlers (M age = 29.64 months; 60% boys). Data were collected as part of a broader, ongoing study examining family resilience among urban children and their parents. Fathers reported on their own emotion dysregulation (EDS, Bradley et al., 2011), while parenting was assessed during two observed interactions: 1) a post-stressor family reunion; and 2) a play task. Child and paternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was also obtained as an index of parasympathetic arousal (Mindware Technologies, LTD, Westerville, OH). Findings demonstrated a robust association between fathering and toddler emotion regulation, such that paternal emotion dysregulation and engagement following a stressor emerged as significant predictors. Further, toddler RSA moderated the associations between fathering and emotion regulation, such that toddlers with moderate and elevated levels of resting RSA benefitted from paternal emotion regulation and parenting engagement following a stressor. Fathering during play did not have a direct or indirect effect on toddler emotion regulation. Together, results from this study emphasize the importance of fathering on toddler emotion regulation, and present important findings related to the roles of both caregiving and physiologic contexts in early regulatory development

A Comparison of Methodologies for Valuing Decreased Health Effects from Wildfire Smoke

Wildfire seasons are becoming longer and more intense throughout the world, making it increasingly important to monetize the full damages caused by wildfires when analyzing various fire management policies. We estimate the economic costs of the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke using a simple cost of illness approach and for the first time to our knowledge we estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a decrease in symptom days from wildfire smoke using the contingent valuation method and the averting behavior method. Comparing estimates across all three common approaches for estimating the economic cost of exposure to an air pollutant is an important contribution to the literature. This study uses data from the largest wildfire in Los Angeles County’s modern history, the Station Fire of 2009. Our results show that a simple cost of illness estimate is about $3 per day of symptoms, the averting behavior method results in a WTP value of$43 or $94 to avoid one day of wildfire-smoke induced symptom days, depending on the model used, and the contingent valuation method results in a WTP estimate of$74 - $98 to avoid one day of wildfire-smoke induced symptom days, depending on model specification.averting behavior method, contingent valuation method, cost of illness, wildfire smoke, health, morbidity, Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Q,

EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM PROGRAMS AND LEVELS OF PRICE VARIABILITY ON TEXAS COTTON FARMS

This study examines the effects of alternative government farm programs and hypothetical price variability levels on two Texas cotton farms which were simulated stochastically over a 10-year period. Results indicate that a combination of high price variability and participation in government programs stimulates growth and wealth accumulation.Public Economics,

REGIONAL COTTON ACREAGE RESPONSE

An econometric model of cotton acreage response was estimated for four distinct production regions in the United States. This work builds on previous work in the area of supply response under government farm programs and provides up-to-date regionalized estimates of own-price elasticity of cotton acreage supply. The own-price variable used in this study is a weighted combination of expected market price and government policy variables. Results indicate regional similarity in response to own price but differences with respect to the prices of alternative enterprises. Differences in regional response to paid diversion are also indicated.Crop Production/Industries,

Core Sciences in First-Year Learning Communities

Learning communities (LCs) offer high-impact practices of active learning and practical application, but such practices demand devoted class time and room for reflection. Core science courses that serve as prerequisites for more advanced courses have specific and fixed content that offers no space in which to incorporate the ideals of LCs. Wagner College’s three-course model for first-year LCs solves this conundrum by providing a Reflective Tutorial (RFT)—a course dedicated to critical thinking, frequent writing, reflection, and practical application through experiential learning—that bridges two content courses based on a well-developed theme. This structure allows any course appropriate for first-year students, including core science courses, to be incorporated in an LC. Two faculty members work as a team to create the three-course LC; each faculty member teaches one of the content courses to the same group of 24-28 students. The two instructors team teach the RFT or offer independent small sections of the RFT; the RFT replaces the traditional first-year writing course. Specific examples are provided of LCs incorporating a core science course. Nicholas Richardson is a Professor of Psychology at Wagner College in Staten Island, NY. Patricia A. Tooker is the Dean for Integrated Learning and an Associate Professor in the Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing at Wagner College. Amy Eshleman is a Professor of Psychology at Wagner College

Secure Base Scriptedness, Psychological Health And Wellbeing In Urban Youth

This study examined the empirical utility of the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA), a novel indicator of adolescent secure base script knowledge, with socioeconomically disadvantaged, African-American youth. It was hypothesized that secure base knowledge would buffer the effect of trauma exposure on youth emotional and behavioral problems. The sample included 83 adolescent (ages 13-18) caregiver dyads that participated in a larger study examining adolescent health behaviors. Results revealed preliminary empirical support for the utility of the ASA with this sample, as evidenced by expected inverse correlations with another well-established measure of attachment. Results indicated that there was not sufficient evidence to suggest that secure base knowledge moderated the impact of trauma exposure on youth outcomes. However, youth secure base knowledge did significantly predict youth internalizing problems. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ASA may be a useful measure of attachment and may provide some insight into adolescents\u27 internalizing problems. As this is the first study to utilize the ASA with at-risk youth, and few studies have examined the link between secure base knowledge and child outcomes, future research will need to replicate these results

Insights into Migration and Development of Coral Black Band Disease Based on Fine Structure Analysis

In many diverse ecosystems, ranging from natural surfaces in aquatic ecosystems to the mammalian gut and medical implants, bacterial populations and communities exist as biofilms. While the process of biofilm development has been well-studied for those produced by unicellular bacteria such Pseudomonas aeruginosa, little is known about biofilm development associated with filamentous microorganisms. Black band disease (BBD) of corals is characterized as a polymicrobial biofilm (mat) community, visually-dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria. The mat migrates across a living coral host, completely lysing coral tissue and leaving behind exposed coral skeleton. It is the only known cyanobacterial biofilm that migrates across a substratum, thus eliciting questions about the mechanisms and unique characteristics of this system. Fragments of the coral Montastraea annularis, five artificially infected with BBD and two collected from a naturally BBD-infected colony, were used to address these questions by detailed examination using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In areas close to the interface of coral tissue and the mature disease band two types of clusters of cyanobacteria were observed, one with random orientation and one with parallel orientation of filaments. The latter exhibited active secretion of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) while the randomly oriented clusters did not. Within the well developed band cyanobacterial filaments were observed to be embedded in EPS and were present as layers of filaments in parallel orientation. These observations suggest that BBD cyanobacteria orient themselves and produce EPS in a sequential process during migration to form the complex BBD matrix

A study of some effects of information technology programs on Emirati women students' lives

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