Infection of rhesus macaques following repeated SHIV challenges via the urethra.

<p>Beginning at week 0, rhesus macaques were challenged once weekly with 4 TCID₅₀ (A, B) or 16 TCID₅₀ (C, D) SHIV via the urethra using the ‘no contact’ technique, as described, until systemically infected (detectable plasma viremia) or until having received 12 challenges maximum. Viral RNA copies per ml plasma are shown as a function of study week (A, C). Percentages of animals remaining uninfected at seven days following administration of the indicated challenge number are shown (B, D). Dotted lines indicate the limit of quantitation of viral load assay (200 copies/ml). Identification codes represent individual animals. Arrowheads denote SHIV challenges.</p

Infection of rhesus macaques following repeated SHIV challenges via the prepuce pouch.

<p>Beginning at week 0, rhesus macaques were challenged twice weekly with 200 TCID₅₀ (A, B) or 600 TCID₅₀ (C, D) SHIV via the prepuce pouch with until systemically infected, as evidenced by detectable plasma viremia via RT-qPCR viral load assay. Viral RNA copies per ml plasma are shown as a function of study week (A, C). Percentages of animals remaining uninfected at seven days following administration of the indicated challenge number are shown (B, D). Dotted lines indicate the limit of quantitation of viral load assay (200 copies/ml). Identification codes represent individual animals. Arrowheads denote SHIV challenges.</p

Infection of rhesus macaques following repeated SHIV challenges via combined prepuce pouch and urethral routes.

<p>Ten rhesus macaques were challenged once weekly with 200 TCID₅₀ SHIV into the prepuce pouch and 16 TCID₅₀ SHIV into the urethra using the ‘no-contact’ method, as described, and monitored for the development of positive SHIV viremia by RT-qPCR viral load assay. Viral RNA copies per ml plasma (A) and number of SHIV challenges required to establish systemic infection (B) are presented as in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194837#pone.0194837.g001" target="_blank">1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194837#pone.0194837.g002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p