Core and clade specific genes in <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i> clinical isolates.

<p>Core and clade specific genes in <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i> clinical isolates.</p

Functional categories in environmental and clinical <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i> isolates.

<p>Functional categories in environmental and clinical <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i> isolates.</p

Genetic modules in clusters XVII and XVIII of H8234.

<p>Lines represent the length of the modules. Represented in white, genes that have the highest identity with other <i>Pseudomonas</i> environmental strains. In red, genes that do not have homology with any other strain or have homology only with pathogens, opportunistic pathogens or clinic isolates of <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i>. In black, genes involved in transposition events. dh means dehydrogenase, red means oxidoreductase.</p

Phenotypical array characterization of clinical strains.

<p>Graphics show the growth of the studied <i>P</i>. <i>putida</i> clinical strains and KT2440 in the presence of heavy metals <b>(A)</b>; oxidative and other stressors <b>(B)</b>; DNA intermediates as the only nitrogen source <b>(C)</b>; amino acids <b>(D)</b> or fatty acid <b>(E)</b> as the only carbon source; and cysteine (cys) as the only sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), carbon (C) or carbon+nitrogen source (C+N). Blue bars, HB13667; red bars, H8234; green bars, HB3267 and white bars, KT2440. Error bars indicate standard deviation from three experimental repetitions. In parentheses concentration of stressor used, if concentration is not indicated means this was 5 mM. HB4184 was not included in this study because it forms lumps and thick biofilms in these culture conditions.</p

Strains used in this study.

<p>Strains used in this study.</p

Oligonucleotide primers used for qRT-PCR.

<p>Oligonucleotide primers used for qRT-PCR.</p

Effect of catechins on membrane fluidity of EMRSA-16.

<p>The fluorescent probe DPH was incorporated into the CM as described under “Experimental Procedures”. <i>A</i>, fluorescence polarization (arbitrary units) before addition of ECg (<i>bar 1</i>), immediately after addition of 12.5 μg/ml ECg (<i>bar 2</i>) and after 1 (<i>bar 3</i>), 2 (<i>bar 4</i>), 3 (<i>bar 5</i>) and 4 h (<i>bar 6</i>) incubation at 37°C. <i>B</i>, fluorescence polarization after 4 h incubation with EC (<i>bar 2</i>), ECg (<i>bar 3</i>), ECg + EC (<i>bar 4</i>), compound 1 (<i>bar 5</i>), compound 2 (<i>bar 6</i>) and compound 3 (<i>bar 7</i>). Control (<i>bar 1</i>) before addition of ECg (n = ≥11, ±1 SD). *, p<0.01; **, p<0.001. All values compared to control (<i>bar 1</i>).</p

Impact of catechins on the thermotropic behavior of model membranes.

<p>Differential scanning calorimetry profiles of multi-lamellar LPG:PG:CL vesicles containing different concentrations of (A) EC, (B) ECg, (C) EC+ECg, (D) compounds <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> at a concentration of 20% total bilayer mass.</p

Structures of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-3,5-dihydroxy B-ring modified (-)-ECg (1), (-)-3-hydroxy B-ring modified (-)-ECg (2), (-) B-ring modified (-)-ECg (3), (-)- A,B-ring modified (-)-ECg (4) and A,B-ring modified (-)-Cg (5).

<p>Structures of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-3,5-dihydroxy B-ring modified (-)-ECg (1), (-)-3-hydroxy B-ring modified (-)-ECg (2), (-) B-ring modified (-)-ECg (3), (-)- A,B-ring modified (-)-ECg (4) and A,B-ring modified (-)-Cg (5).</p

Impact of catechins on anisotropy of model membranes.

<p>Temperature variation of probe fluorescence anisotropy for DPH (A) and TMA-DPH (B) incorporated into LPG:PG:CL vesicles (•), and LPG:PG:CL vesicles containing either 20 mol% compound <b>3</b> (o), or 20 mol% compound <b>5</b> (◊). The DPH probe is located deep within the bilayer, whereas the TMA-DPH probe adopts a more superficial bilayer location. Compound <b>3</b> has almost no effect on anisotropy, but compound <b>5</b> elicits a major shift in the transition temperature and decreases anisotropy values in the gel phase and through the transition, indicating a decrease in lipid order and an increase in bilayer fluidity in comparison to compound <b>3</b> and vesicles alone.</p