Nano-scale CMOS analog circuits: models and CAD techniques for high-level design

Reliability concerns and the limitations of process technology can sometimes restrict the innovation process involved in designing nano-scale analog circuits. The success of nano-scale analog circuit design requires repeat experimentation, correct analysis of the device physics, process technology, and adequate use of the knowledge database.Starting with the basics, Nano-Scale CMOS Analog Circuits: Models and CAD Techniques for High-Level Design introduces the essential fundamental concepts for designing analog circuits with optimal performances. This book explains the links between the physi

Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded rectangular foundation on sand

Purkayastha and Char (1977) conducted a theoretical analysis for the bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded shallow strip foundation supported by sand and proposed a relationship for a reduction factor (Rk). The reduction factor is the ratio of the bearing capacity with eccentric loading to that with centric loading at the same embedment ratio (Df/B). The reduction factor was a function of Df/B and e/B (e = load eccentricity). It was not a function of the soil friction angle. The present study extends the concept of reduction factor to shallow rectangular foundations. To achieve that, a number of laboratory model tests on rectangular shallow foundations were conducted. The width-to-length ratio of the foundation was varied as 1.0, 0.5, 0.333, and zero, and the embedment ratio was varied as 0, 0.5, and 1.0. The load eccentricity ratios (e/B) were 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15. Based on the laboratory test results, an empirical reduction factor (Rk) has been developed which is a function of e/B and B/L

Tungsten(0)-carbonyl complexes of naphthylazoimidazoles

The reaction of W(CO)(6) with 1-alkyl-2-(naphthyl-alpha-azo)imidazole (alpha-NaiR) has synthesized [W(CO)(5)(alpha-NaiR-N)] (alpha-NaiR-N refers to the monodentate imidazole-N donor ligand) at room temperature. The structure of[W(CO)(5)(alpha-NaiMe-N)] shows a monodentate imidazole-N coordination of 1-methyl-2-(naphthyl-alpha-azo)imidazole (alpha-NaiMe). The complexes are characterized by elemental, mass and other spectroscopic data (IR, UV-Vis, NMR). On refluxing in THF at 323 K, [W(CO)(5)(alpha-NaiR-N)] undergoes decarbonylation to give [W(CO)(4)(alpha-NaiR-N,N')] (alpha-NaiR-N,N' refers to the imidazole-N(N), azo-N(N') bidentate chelator). Cyclic voltammetry shows metal oxidation (W-0/W-1) and ligand reductions (azo/azo(-), azo(-)/azo(=)). The redox and electronic properties are explained by theoretical calculations using an optimized geometry. DFT computation of [W(CO)(5)(alpha-NaiMe-N)] suggests that the major contribution to the HOMO/HOMO - 1 come from W cl-orbitals and the orbitals of CO. The LUMOs are occupied by alpha-NaiMe functions. The back bonding interaction thus originates from the W(CO)(n) moiety to the LUMO of alpha-NaiR. A TD-DFT calculation has ascribed that HOMO/HOMO - 1 -> LUMO is a mixture of metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer underlying the CO -> azoimine contribution. The complexes show emission spectra at room temperature. [W(CO)(4)(alpha-NaiR-N,N')] shows a higher fluorescence quantum yield (phi = 0.05-0.07) than [W(CO)(5)(alpha-NaiR-N)] (phi = 0.01-0.02). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow strip foundation under eccentrically inclined load - a critical assessment

An empirical non-dimensional reduction factor has been developed in this paper using 192 laboratory model test results of the previous studies made by authors for a strip foundation supported by sand and subjected to eccentrically inclined load for both types of loading, i.e. line of load application inclined towards the centre line of the foundation (partially compensated case) and away from the centre line of the foundation (reinforced case). The reduction factor is the ratio of the ultimate inclined load per unit area of the foundation subjected to an eccentrically inclined load (i.e. partially compensated or reinforced loading) to the ultimate bearing capacity of the same foundation subjected to a centric vertical load at the same embedment ratio, Df/B. The developed reduction factor has been compared with those based on the earlier bearing capacity studies in this area available in the literature. The comparison seems to be reasonably good

Surface embedded enhancement of fluorescence of coumarinyl-azo-imidazolium stabilized gold nanoparticles

316-323<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-GB">Coumarinyl-azo-imidazole (CAI-H) undergoes double alkylation to yield 1, 3-dialkyl-2-(coumarinyl-6-azo)imidazolium bromide<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> (CAI-(CnH2n+1)2+Br-) of long chain alkyl groups –CnH2n+1 (n = 6, 9, 12, 15, 18) attached to imidazolyl motif. These compounds are characterized by spectroscopic data (FT-IR, UV-vis and 1H NMR). The size of the gold nanoparticles stabilized with tetraoctylammonium bromide (avg size 20.5 nm) is reduced to 2–10 nm upon surface implantation of CAI-(CnH2n+1)2+; these have been characterized by FESEM/TEM. The spectroscopic investigation has established the stability of gold nanoparticles. The fluorescence emissivity of these nanoparticles is enhanced 10–25 folds as compared to free CAI-(CnH2n+1)2+Br–, which may be due to coupling of plasmonic band with emission of fluorescent dye molecules and the reduction of PET (Coumarin*→ Imidazolium) and vibrational relaxation of imidazolium coating on the gold nanoparticles surface. <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-GB"> </span

Prediction of compaction parameters of coarse grained soil using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)

In this paper, different models are developed to estimate the compaction parameters of sandy soil using artificial neural network (ANN), least square support vector machine (LS-SVM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). The experimental database of Mujtaba et al. (2013) is used for the analysis. The above techniques have been used to improve the regression results. The model equations are established and compared with the regression equation. The MARS model results found to be more accurate and it improved the coefficient of determination to more acceptable levels of 0·88 and 0·81 for the prediction of compaction parameters maximum dry density (γdmax) and optimum moisture content (ωopt), respectively. The results showed that variation between experimental and predicted values of γdmax is within ±4% and that of the ωopt is within ±13% at 95% confidence level. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the parameters affecting the output