Factors associated to toxoplasmosis-related knowledge among pregnant women attending public health services in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2013-2015

Artigo baseado na tese de Doutorado da autora Fernanda Loureiro de Moura, intitulada ‘Ocorrência de toxoplasmose congênita, avaliação do conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose e do acompanhamento sorológico das gestantes e implantação de medidas de prevenção primária nos programas de pré-natal da Rede Pública de Saúde do município de Niterói-RJ’, apresentada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Medicina Tropical da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), graças ao convênio entre a Fiocruz e a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes)/Ministério da Educação (MS): Brasil sem Miséria. A tese, desenvolvida sob orientação da Dra. Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira e co-orientação da Dra. Patrícia Riddell Millar Goulart, foi defendida em 2016. Agência financiadora: Capes/MS. Bolsista do Programa Brasil sem Miséria: Fernanda Loureiro de Moura.Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-03-07T12:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda_moura_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2889224 bytes, checksum: 7e8d5ed71df131a512f675da0dac5b17 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-03-07T12:32:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda_moura_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2889224 bytes, checksum: 7e8d5ed71df131a512f675da0dac5b17 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T12:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernanda_moura_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2889224 bytes, checksum: 7e8d5ed71df131a512f675da0dac5b17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Departamento de Estatística. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a toxoplasmose entre gestantes atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com gestantes atendidas em oito unidades de saúde; os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado, no período de abril de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015. Resultados: entre as 405 gestantes entrevistadas, 173 (42,7%) conheciam a toxoplasmose e destas, 24,3% receberam informações por amigos; a proporção de gestantes com conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose aumentou com a idade (p<0,001), a escolaridade (p<0,001) e o número de gestações (p=0,031); a história de aborto também esteve associada com o conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose (p=0,019). Conclusão: as variáveis ‘faixa etária’, ‘escolaridade’, ‘número de gestações’ e ‘história de aborto’ foram importantes para o conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose entre as gestantes da rede pública de Niterói.Objective: to analyze the factors associated toxoplasmosis-related knowledge among pregnant women attending public health services in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women assisted in eight health care units; data was collected using a standardized questionnaire, from April 2013 to February 2015. Results: among the 405 pregnant women interviewed, 173 (42.7%) knew about toxoplasmosis and, of those, 24.3% knew about it through friends; the proportion of pregnant women with toxoplasmosis-related knowledge increased with age (p<0.001), education level (p<0.001) and the number of pregnancies (p=0.031); the history of abortion was also associated with toxoplasmosis-related knowledge (p=0.019). Conclusion: the variables ‘age’, ‘education level’, ‘number of pregnancies’ and ‘abortion history’ were important factors for toxoplasmosis-related knowledge among pregnant women assisted in the public health care sector of Niterói

Fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a toxoplasmose entre gestantes atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 2013-2015

Resumo OBJETIVO: analisar os fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a toxoplasmose entre gestantes atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com gestantes atendidas em oito unidades de saúde; os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado, no período de abril de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015. RESULTADOS: entre as 405 gestantes entrevistadas, 173 (42,7%) conheciam a toxoplasmose e destas, 24,3% receberam informações por amigos; a proporção de gestantes com conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose aumentou com a idade (p<0,001), a escolaridade (p<0,001) e o número de gestações (p=0,031); a história de aborto também esteve associada com o conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose (p=0,019). CONCLUSÃO: as variáveis 'faixa etária', 'escolaridade', 'número de gestações' e 'história de aborto' foram importantes para o conhecimento sobre toxoplasmose entre as gestantes da rede pública de Niterói

Feline Sporotrichosis: Coinfection with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus in Cats From an Endemic Area in Brazil

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-29T12:26:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_barros_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 242351 bytes, checksum: 5293d7b28a79664a3e6f8de628c17e2b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-29T12:46:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_barros_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 242351 bytes, checksum: 5293d7b28a79664a3e6f8de628c17e2b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T12:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_barros_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 242351 bytes, checksum: 5293d7b28a79664a3e6f8de628c17e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto Biomédico. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Toxoplasmose. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Sporotrichosis is an endemic zoonosis in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro caused by fungi included in the Sporothrix complex, in which cats are the main source of infection for humans and animals. Coinfections in cats with sporotrichosis from this region, their risk factors and how they affect the treatment outcome in these animals are little known. The objectives of this study were to determine the coinfections of Sporothrix spp. with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and to correlate these infections with risk factors and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment in cats from an endemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: It was conducted a cohort study involving 213 cats with definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and assisted in the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO)/Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from November 2007 until February 2011. These animals were monthly evaluated due to sporotrichosis treatment until their sporotrichosis treatment outcomes. In every clinical evaluation, 5 mL of blood were collected in order to obtain the serum, which was stored at -20ºC. Information from the animal’s medical records have also been collected, such as sex, eating habits, living with other cats, access to the streets, castration, age and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment. Serological follow-up of anti-T. gondii antibodies were performed through indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in all clinical evaluations. The FIV and FeLV antibody detection were made through a rapid immunoassay using the cats’serum samples from the first clinical evaluation. Fisher’s exact test was applied to verify associations between T. gondii, FIV and FeLV coinfections, the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment and risk factors. To compare IHA and IFAT, the values of total, positive and negative concordances were evaluated. A P-value < 0.05 indicated significant associations in the statistical tests. Of the 213 cats, fourteen (6.6%) showed antibodies anti-T. gondii, twelve (5.6%) anti-FIV and thirty-five (16.4%) anti-FeLV. There was a concordance of 100% between IFAT and IHA for the serological diagnosis of T. gondii infection. No statistical difference was observed between the presence of anti-T gondii antibodies with the FIV and FeLV infections and with the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment (P > 0.05). Furthermore there was no significant statistical difference between the presence of anti-T gondii antibodies and the variables sex, eating habits, living with other cats, free access to the street, castration and age (P > 0.05). The follow-up of anti-T.gondii antibodies showed that in two cats there was a fourfold rise in the titers between two consecutive follow-ups and in one there was seroconversion, which were indicative of acute infection. Discussion: The occurrence of coinfections of sporotrichosis with T. gondii, FIV and FeLV was low in cats from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where sporotrichosis is endemic. This was the first study that determine and follow-up the frequency of anti- T. gondii antibodies in a group of cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. The fact that cats were domiciled with adequate feeding and management, the low frequency of T. gondii and the rare cases indicative of acute infection in the study population indicate that these animals are not highly exposed to infection by this protozoan

Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Brazilian Equines

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been demonstrated in various animal species; those recognized as potential zoonotic reservoirs pose a considerable risk to public health. In Brazil, HEV-3 is the only genotype identified in humans and swine nationwide, in a colony-breeding cynomolgus monkey and, recently, in bovines and capybara. There is no information regarding HEV exposure in the equine population in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate anti-HEV antibodies and viral RNA in serum samples from horses slaughtered for meat export and those bred for sport/reproduction purposes. We used a commercially available ELISA kit modified to detect species-specific anti-HEV, using an anti-horse IgG-peroxidase conjugate and evaluating different cutoff formulas and assay precision. Serum samples (n = 257) were tested for anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The overall anti-HEV seroprevalence was 26.5% (68/257) without the detection of HEV RNA. Most municipalities (53.3%) and farms (58.8%) had positive horses. Animals slaughtered for human consumption had higher risk of HEV exposure (45.5%) than those bred for sports or reproduction (6.4%) (p < 0.0001). The statistical analysis revealed sex and breeding system as possible risk-associated factors. The first serological evidence of HEV circulation in Brazilian equines reinforces the need for the surveillance of HEV host expansion in a one-health approach