Target space duality and moduli stabilization in String Gas Cosmology

Motivated by string gas cosmology, we investigate the stability of moduli fields coming from compactifications of string gas on torus with background flux. It was previously claimed that moduli are stabilized only at a single fixed point in moduli space, a self-dual point of T-duality with vanishing flux. Here, we show that there exist other stable fixed points on moduli space with non-vanishing flux. We also discuss the more general target space dualities associated with these fixed points.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

The Cosmology of Massless String Modes

We consider the spacetime dynamics of a gas of closed strings in the context of General Relativity in a background of arbitrary spatial dimensions. Our motivation is primarily late time String Gas Cosmology, where such a spacetime picture has to emerge after the dilaton has stabilized. We find that after accounting for the thermodynamics of a gas of strings, only string modes which are massless at the self-dual radius are relevant, and that they lead to a dynamics which is qualitatively different from that induced by the modes usually considered in the literature. In the context of an ansatz with three large spatial dimensions and an arbitrary number of small extra dimensions, we obtain isotropic stabilization of these extra dimensions at the self-dual radius. This stabilization occurs for fixed dilaton, and is induced by the special string states we focus on. The three large dimensions undergo a regular Friedmann-Robertson-Walker expansion. We also show that this framework for late-time cosmology is consistent with observational bounds.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, references added (again

Classification of Classical Indian Music Tabla Taals using Deep Learning

In the research that we are bringing to light, we profoundly explore the categorization of Classical Indian Music Tabla Taals. This emphasizes widely recognized taals such as Addhatrital, Ektal, Rupak, Dadra, Deepchandi, Jhaptal, Trital, and Bhajani. To push the boundaries of our understanding, we implement a mixed-methods approach tethering both Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). These state-of-the-art technologies enable us to dissect and categorize tabla taals efficiently. In essence, the hallmark of Classical Indian music is its complex and multifaceted rhythms brought to life by the primal percussive instrument - the tabla. The conception and reproduction of these nuanced taals require technical finesse. Thus, accompanying the digital revolution and the eclectic musical preferences, it becomes essential for advanced methodologies to pinpoint and classify tabla taals. The hardcover of our research opens up to the magnificent crafting of an unmatched model employing both FNN and CNN. This blend enables us to recognize diverse features unique to tabla taals like Addhatrital, Ektal, Rupak, Dadra, Deepchandi, Jhaptal, Trital, and Bhajani. The model obtained its bosom knowledge during training from an assortment of Classical Indian music recordings showcasing these invigorating taals. This fosters a broader understanding regarding the array of minute differences brimming within each rhythmic inheritance. To bring user interaction to life, we have embedded a Graphical User Interface (GUI). This empowers users to introduce an audio file filled with table music from the taals listed and receive on-the-spot recognition. refining their connection and knowledge of the taal in question. Our research findings procure paramount importance in the scape of music analysis, especially framed within the heart of Classical Indian Music. We propose a system that would serve as a tool for amateur table players to learn the skill well and master their art. Instructors could also utilize it for training purposes. It opens a new window of possibilities providing an advanced model for intuitive, swift, and accurate automated identification of tabla taals

Participatory cotton breeding for organic and low input farming in Central India

Up to 80% of world’s organic cotton is produced in India. However, involved producers are facing increased difficulties to find suitable cultivars. Few hybrids selected for high input farming and genetically-modified (GM) cotton, which is explicitly excluded in organic farming, are presently dominating the Indian seed market. In addition farmers have lost their traditional knowledge on seed production and hybrid seed needs to be purchased each season

Micellization Studies on Binary Mixture of Methionine with Polyoxyethylene (10) Cetyl Ether (Brij-56) and Polyoxyethylene (20) Cetyl Ether (Brij-58)

The measurement of cloud point (CP) under the influence of additives provides an excellent tool for investigation of surfactant macromolecule interaction. The CP of pure surfactant polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (Brij-56) and polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (Brij-58) declined with increased [Bj-56] and [Bj-58]. The CP of mixed systems Brij-56/methionine and Brij-58/methionine shows same trends with increased [Met.]. This is mainly due to increased micelle concentrations. The influence of amino acid on the cloud point of Brij-56 and Brij-58 is a clear indication that the phenomenon of clouding is associated with the different micelles coalescing. The phase separation results from micelle-micelle interaction. Considering cloud point as threshold temperature of the solubility, the energetic of clouding process (ΔG0cl, ΔH0cl and ΔS0cl) have been evaluated using “Phase Separation Model" It is found that the overall clouding process is exothermic and ΔH0cl > TΔS0cl indicating that the process of clouding is guided by both enthalpy and entropy. This work supports the conjecture that the cloud point is critical phenomenon rather than the growth of micelles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OPHTHALMIC GEL BASED ON DRUG-POLYMER-POLYMER TERNARY INTERACTION

 Objective: The objective was to enhance the amount of active substance reaching the target tissue or exerting a local effect in the cul-de-sac, theapproach we use is the application of in-situ gelling systems or phase transition systems, which are instilled in a liquid form and shift to a gel or solidphase in the cul-de-sac. The present study will focus on the development of formulation of ophthalmic gels. The polymer physicochemical propertieswere studied for the improvement in gel characteristics.Methods: The formulations were varied by the amount of the anionic and cationic polymer concentration. The 10 and 20-fold excess anionic polymerwere used. The 10 and 20-fold excess anionic polymer were used. Further cationic polymers were utilized to see any ternary interaction betweendrug and polymers.Results: From the present study it could be shown that most of the formulations were isotropic and could be clearly separated from the anisotropicones which were situated at the cationic side of the phase diagram only as well as at 10% polyvinyl alcohol. Furthermore, excess 20HA, 10PAA, and20PAA as well as HCS (HCS/20PAA) contributes to improve drug release control.Conclusion: The above formulation of were found to be quite stable and useful in the novel format of sol-gel transformations. Further, the physicalcharacteristics gels show better tolerability with anionic and cationic polymer.Keywords: Cationic, Anionic, Poloxamer, Sol-gel

Study of Residential Project to Find Various Difficulties Faced During Construction & Find Solutions for Cost & Time Optimization

Obstructions in construction projects is considered one of the most common problems causing a multitude of negative effects on the project and its participating parties. This paper aims to identify the main causes of Obstruction in construction projects in India from the point of view of contractors, consultants, and owners. A literature review was conducted to compile a list of Obstruction causes that was purged based on appropriateness to India in seven semi structured interviews. The resulting list of Obstruction causes was subjected to a questionnaire survey for quantitative confirmation and identification of the most important causes of Obstruction. The overall results indicated that the most important causes are: financing by contractor during construction, Obstructions in contractor�s payment by owner, design changes by owner or his agent during construction, partial payments during construction, and no utilization of professional construction/contractual management. This paper deal with all literature related to obstruction

ESTIMATION OF THE DRUG-DRUG AND DRUG-POLYMER OPHTHALMIC COMPLEX AT STOICHIOMETRY BY TERNARY PHASE BEHAVIOUR

Objective: The study focus on the drug-drug and drug-polymer interaction and their estimation at stoichiometry when such systems were formed. In this discovery we tried to make use of the latest research and novel concepts to explore the drug-polymer-polymer Ionic ternary InteractionMethods: Partial ternary phase diagrams were constructed and the stoichiometry of the ciprofloxacin/anionic polymer interaction was assessed in distilled water by means of dialysis equilibrium. The polymers were completely hydrated in distilled water by gentle stirring at room temperature and studied for viscosity and turbidimetric measurements.Results: Comparing the partial ternary phase diagrams of the different anionic to each other. PAA exhibited the largest gel area even with low polymer content. The anionic polymers HA and PAA showed good capability to interact with the drug giving soluble drug/polymer complexes; moreover they were able to form polymer/polymer complexes with Poloxamer and HCS, with a stoichiometry depending on the polymers involved.Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that formulations were made isotonic and favours corneal permeation of both the drug. Ocular Irritancy denotes formulations were quite stable & useful in novel format of sol-gel transformations.Â

Current trends in highly active anti-retroviral therapy in an anti-retroviral therapy centre attached to a remote government medical college of Maharashtra, India: a retrospective study

Background: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) became the keystone of national AIDS program. There is lack of awareness and inadequate training about drug safety monitoring among health care professionals in India. Hence, the present study was carried out to study current trends in HAART and pattern of associated adverse drug reactions.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at an anti-retroviral therapy (ART) Centre. A total of 151 HIV/AIDS Patients (old and new cases) receiving HAART during July 2015 to December 2015 were randomly included in the study. Causality and severity assessment of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was done by using Naranjo’s ADR causality scale and modified Hartwig and Siegel scale respectively. The data was computed using MS Excel and descriptive results were expressed as counts and percentages. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee.Results: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection was higher in adult males (51.66%). Zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (ZLN) was the most commonly prescribed HAART combination. Out of 132 ADRs reported, 76.52% of the ADRs were related to haematological system and ZLN was the commonest combination causing ADRs. 90.91% ADRs belong to possible category on causality assessment and 68.94% of the ADRs were of moderate severity. Tuberculosis (28.47%) was the commonest diagnosed opportunistic infection among the HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusions: The prescribing pattern of HAART regimens was in accordance with national guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. We recommend a pharmacovigilance system for sustainable management of ADRs in HIV/AIDS patients as we found under reporting of ADRs

Study of current prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in indoor cases of enteric fever in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Rational antibiotic prescription is very important to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antimicrobial drugs in indoor enteric fever patients of medicine and paediatric department of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective study of 2 months duration was undertaken during July and August of 2015. A total number of 97 enteric fever patients’ case sheets were utilized for our study from medicine and paediatric in-patients department of a tertiary care hospital. The data was analysed and results were expressed as percentage.Results: Out of 97 enteric fever patients, 54.64% were females. 13.4% of paediatric population were suffered because of enteric fever. The incidence of enteric fever was 74.23% in 13-40 years. Most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. 43.30% patients received more than one antibiotic. Antimalarials chloroquine, artemisinin derivatives and metronidazole were other drugs prescribed to enteric fever patients concurrently for associated clinical conditions.Conclusions: Interventional programme should focus on the use of rational antibiotic prescription aimed at minimizing unnecessary cost, adverse drug reactions and emergence of bacterial resistance