Design of Photovoltaic System using Battery Energy Storage System along with Grid as Uninterruptable Supply System

There is a need of alternative energy sources to meet the present day demands due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources. The alternative source used is solar energy, which is a clean inexhaustible and environment friendly potential resource. There are periodic variations in the output of standalone solar photovoltaic system or wind energy system so they cannot provide continuous supply of energy. Thus there are variations in the output of solar PV. Therefore to meet the load demands grid- interactive Photovoltaic using battery energy storage systems are now being implemented. This paper presents practical implementation of Photovoltaic (PV) system using battery and grid, the grid is used as uninterruptable power supply to load. The objective of the system is to balance the power flow from utility and PV to battery and from PV, battery to load. Such that PV is utilized effectively and continuous power is given to load. The PV and battery comes in role for various cases depending on the load. This objective can be achieved by appropriate programming in microcontroller 16F877A. This system is consists of solar panel, Lead acid battery, buck converter ,voltage divider, current sensor and PIC microcontroller 16F877A as control unit

A Study on the Precursors for Gastronomic Satisfaction of Tourists in Malaysia

This paper aims to contextualize the idea of food tourism, not only as an attention-grabbing field of research, but in the contention that it can be utilized as a wider theoretical lens to propose a system for rationally identifying preferences of food / gastronomy / culinary tourists. This paper will make an attempt to put forward the insights currently underpinning the latest progress towards a more culturally responsive and critically orientated tourism research. More to the point, this study will be able to facilitate the practitioners to gain insights on the factors affecting satisfaction of tourists which will in turn lead to a boost in visits by foreign tourists to Malaysia. A conceptual framework consisting of 4 independent variables and 1 dependent variable has been proposed. Since there are limited numbers of studies on Gastronomy tourism in Malaysia, there is a need to study this significant topic

Achanakmar -Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve: Development and traditional knowledge of Baiga

An anthropological survey was carried out in the core area of the Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) for the study. Three villages Sarasdol, Tilaidabara, and Chhirhatta having maximum Baiga population were selected and interviewed to compare changes in the traditional knowledge with the present time. The survey was indicated that indigenous knowledge and tradition has altered by the influence of outer culture and new technologies, which introduced in their area through various governmental schemes. Governmental schemes deteriorated the traditional knowledge of the Baiga tribe. The results of the study were shown a significant change in the age-old traditional practice of the Baiga tribe of the core zone due to the interference of the outsider and the conversational gaps between the two successive generations. The new generation was not ready to adopt their traditional knowledge as they have found the ease of life through modern culture, leads to the loss of the knowledge of traditional healing technique and identification power of various valuable plants were not passing to their next generations

Validated HPLC Method for Concurrent Determination of Antipyrine, Carbamazepine, Furosemide and Phenytoin and its Application in Assessment of Drug Permeability through Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

The present work explains the development and validation of a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of antipyrine (ANT), carbamazepine (CBZ), furosemide (FSD) and phenytoin (PHTN). Chromatographic analysis was carried out by a reversed phase technique on a C18 column, using water pH 3.0 and 50:50 mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile (58:42 v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min and a column temperature of 40°C. Detection was carried out at 205 nm for CBZ and PHTN and at 230 nm for ANT and FSD. The proposed method was evaluated for validation parameters including linearity, range, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and specificity. Elution of drugs ANT, FSD, PHTN, and CBZ was observed at 4.1, 5.1, 12.3 and 13.5 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear (R2 ≥ 0.999) in the concentration range of 5–100 μM, with an acceptable accuracy and relative standard deviation. Results of intra- and inter-day validation (n=3) showed the method to be efficient for routine determination of these permeability markers in Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability studies. The method was successfully utilized for determination of standard compounds in Caco-2 permeability experiments

Digital Watermarking using Tiny Genetic Algorithm and Discrete Z Transforms

Today, multimedia data security plays most important role in internet era. Media elements like images, audios and videos are used to embed the data. As the digital media is tremendously growing over the internet, it is very inevitable to show interest in multimedia copyright protection. The aim to propose such a system is to provide secure algorithm for protecting digital image by using digital watermarking approach and extraction of that watermark from existing image to prove the authentication. Digital watermarking is solution for protecting intellectual property of image. To achieve features like robustness and imperceptibility of the image, concept of Discrete Z-Transform is used and for generation of key, Tiny Genetic Algorithm is used. Robustness and imperceptibility are important in digital watermarking process. We assure that the result will be better to sustain attacks like cropping, rotation, filtering and compression and embedded watermark will not be affected. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15031

TASTE MASKING OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE USING DIFFERENT ION EXCHANGE RESINS- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Taste mainly depends on the physiology, sensitivity and structure of taste buds. It is an important parameter in administering drugs orally. Bitter taste is a major limitation to patient compliance. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) is a bitter drug used in Alzheimer's disease. Amongst the many techniques for taste masking, using ion exchange resins has been extensively reported. The technique of forming tasteless complexes with bitter drugs involves selection of most appropriate exchanger and optimization of complexing ratio. The aim of the present work was to select the best cationic exchanger amongst Indion 414, Indion 234 and Indion 214. All parameters were optimized to produce drug-loaded tasteless complexes. Complexation was carried out using batch process prior to which, acid-alkali activation was performed to remove adsorbed impurities from the resin bed surface and hence improve loading efficiency. UV-spectrophotometric method was used to determine percent drug loading. The molecular properties of drug resin complexes were studied using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Xray Powder Diffraction which confirmed complexation. Indion 414 was found to give highest drug loading and minimal drug was released from the complex at salivary pH. Key words: Donepezil HCl, Ion exchange resins, Molecular properties, Taste maskin

Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy on whole Salivary Flow in Patients with Xerostomia and Healthy Adults

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy on whole salivary flow in patients with xerostomia and healthy adults. Material and Methods:  Thirty subjects with a history of xerostomia and subjects with unstimulated salivary flow equal to or less than 0.5 ml in 5 min were included in the study group, and 30 healthy subjects were included in the control group. Low forced spitting unstimulated saliva was collected for five minutes in a test tube fitted with a funnel. Then electrode pads of the TENS unit were applied bilaterally on skin overlying the parotid glands and at optimal intensity, stimulated saliva was collected for 5 minutes with the same method in a separate graduated test tube. The salivary flow rate (per minute) was calculated by dividing the amount of collected saliva (volume in mL) by the duration of collection period (5 minutes) and the salivary flow rates prior and after electrostimulation were compared for both groups. The Student’s t-test (unpaired and paired) was performed for group-wise comparisons. Results: In study group, the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.07 ± 0.01 mL/min. There was an 85.71% increase in salivary flow (0.13 ± 0.03 mL/min) during the TENS application and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). In control group, the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.37 ± 0.07 mL/min. There was a 21.62% increase in salivary flow (0.45 ± 0.07 mL/min) during the TENS application and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). An increase in mean salivary flow rate both in males and females after TENS application in both groups (p<0.001) was noted. The difference between unstimulated, stimulated and mean difference in salivary flow rate between males and females was not statistically significant in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: TENS can be an effective therapy in increasing whole salivary flow rates in patients with xerostomia

Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy on whole Salivary Flow in Patients with Xerostomia and Healthy Adults

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy on whole salivary flow in patients with xerostomia and healthy adults. Material and Methods:  Thirty subjects with a history of xerostomia and subjects with unstimulated salivary flow equal to or less than 0.5 ml in 5 min were included in the study group, and 30 healthy subjects were included in the control group. Low forced spitting unstimulated saliva was collected for five minutes in a test tube fitted with a funnel. Then electrode pads of the TENS unit were applied bilaterally on skin overlying the parotid glands and at optimal intensity, stimulated saliva was collected for 5 minutes with the same method in a separate graduated test tube. The salivary flow rate (per minute) was calculated by dividing the amount of collected saliva (volume in mL) by the duration of collection period (5 minutes) and the salivary flow rates prior and after electrostimulation were compared for both groups. The Student’s t-test (unpaired and paired) was performed for group-wise comparisons. Results: In study group, the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.07 ± 0.01 mL/min. There was an 85.71% increase in salivary flow (0.13 ± 0.03 mL/min) during the TENS application and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). In control group, the mean unstimulated salivary flow rate was 0.37 ± 0.07 mL/min. There was a 21.62% increase in salivary flow (0.45 ± 0.07 mL/min) during the TENS application and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). An increase in mean salivary flow rate both in males and females after TENS application in both groups (p<0.001) was noted. The difference between unstimulated, stimulated and mean difference in salivary flow rate between males and females was not statistically significant in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: TENS can be an effective therapy in increasing whole salivary flow rates in patients with xerostomia

Digital workflow feasibility for the fabrication of intraoral maxillofacial prosthetics after surgical resection: a systematic literature review.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the current evidence of digital workflow feasibility based on the data acquisition methods and the software tools used to fabricate intraoral prostheses for patients with partial or total maxillary and mandibular defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science using a combination of relevant keywords: digital workflow, digital designing, computer-assisted design-computer aided manufacturing, 3D printing, maxillectomy, and mandibulectomy. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. RESULTS From a total of 542 references, 33 articles were selected, including 25 on maxillary prostheses and 8 on mandibular prostheses. The use of digital workflows was limited to one or two steps of the fabrication of the prostheses, and only four studies described a complete digital workflow. The most preferred method for data acquisition was intraoral scanning with or without a cone beam computed tomography combination. CONCLUSION Currently, the fabrication process of maxillofacial prostheses requires combining digital and conventional methods. Simplifying the data acquisition methods and providing user-friendly and affordable software may encourage clinicians to use the digital workflow more frequently for patients requiring maxillofacial prostheses

TASTE MASKING OF DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE USING DIFFERENT ION EXCHANGE RESINS- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Taste mainly depends on the physiology, sensitivity and structure of taste buds. It is an important parameter in administering drugs orally. Bitter taste is a major limitation to patient compliance. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) is a bitter drug used in Alzheimer's disease. Amongst the many techniques for taste masking, using ion exchange resins has been extensively reported. The technique of forming tasteless complexes with bitter drugs involves selection of most appropriate exchanger and optimization of complexing ratio. The aim of the present work was to select the best cationic exchanger amongst Indion 414, Indion 234 and Indion 214. All parameters were optimized to produce drug-loaded tasteless complexes. Complexation was carried out using batch process prior to which, acid-alkali activation was performed to remove adsorbed impurities from the resin bed surface and hence improve loading efficiency. UV-spectrophotometric method was used to determine percent drug loading. The molecular properties of drug resin complexes were studied using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Xray Powder Diffraction which confirmed complexation. Indion 414 was found to give highest drug loading and minimal drug was released from the complex at salivary pH