Superior vena cava syndrome due to pacemaker leads: an Indian report with a review of management practices

Superior vena cava [SVC] syndrome due to pacemaker leads is a distinct diagnostic rarity. It is diagnosed clinically based on constellation of signs and symptoms supported by imaging evidence of SVC obstruction. A 70-year-old male, an ex-smoker, presented with facial and upper limb swelling along with exertional dyspnea. He had undergone transvenous dual chamber rate modulated [DDDR] pacemaker implantation four years back for symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Imaging demonstrated a hypodense-filling defect in the SVC causing 70-80% luminal narrowing along with presence of collaterals. Patient was managed on anticoagulants and planned for SVC stenting with epicardial pacing which failed. Patient refused to undergo further any further treatment and was subsequently lost to follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of SVC syndrome due to pacemaker leads from India, which was managed medically

Mental health, sleep and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a correlational study

Background: Co-morbid psychological impairments (depression and anxiety) are common in COPD and are often associated with increased disability, health care usage and morbidity. They also impair quality of life in COPD and are often not fully explored in the clinical management of COPD patients. Psychological distress may, however, contribute to sleep difficulties in all stages of disease severity. Both anxiety and depression have been shown to have a negative effect on the sleep and quality of life (QoL).Objectives: To study the correlation between depression, anxiety and sleep with quality of life in patients with COPD.Methodology: In a tertiary care hospital, this Observational study was conducted on 39 patients of age group 40-70 years, with spirometry confirmed COPD GOLD category I-IV and smokers with more than 5 years of disease who fulfilled were included  in the study. Quality of life was assessed using SGRQ-C, SF-12 and CAT. Depression, Anxiety and Sleep were assessed using PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQI questionnaires respectively. The correlation between quality of life scores and mental health scores were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: Anxiety was significantly correlated with all the sub domains of SGRQ-C, PCS, MCS of SF-12 and the CAT score. (p value<0.001) Similarly, sleep was significantly correlated with all the three QoL Scales. (p value< 0.001) However, depression significantly correlated with all the subdomains of SGRQ-C and CAT except activity sub-domain of SGRQ-C and MCS of SF-12. (p value<0.001)Conclusion: Anxiety, Depression and Sleep moderately correlated with QoL scores in patients with COPD

Comparative Evaluation of Voids Present in Conventional and Capsulated Glass Ionomer Cements Using Two Different Conditioners: An In Vitro

This in vitro study evaluated the presence of voids in powder-liquid and capsulated glass ionomer cement. 40 cavities were prepared on root surfaces of maxillary incisors and divided into four groups. Cavities were conditioned with glass ionomer cement liquid (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Groups 1 and 3 and with dentin conditioner (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Groups 2 and 4. Conventional powder-liquid glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used as a restorative material in Groups 1 and 2. Capsulated glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used in Groups 3 and 4. Samples were sectioned and viewed under stereomicroscope to check for the presence of voids within the cement and at the cement-tooth junction. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Group 4 showed statistically significant results (P<0.05) when compared to Groups 1 and 2 for voids within the cement. However, for voids at the margins, the results were statistically insignificant

Effect of Groove Location on Pressure Profile of Twin Axial Groove Journal Bearing

The main aim of current work is to analyze the influence of groove location on the pressure profile of the hybrid journal bearing. The objective is to develop solution algorithm and computer program which will provide pressure profile developed in the space of clearance of bearing having a given value of Somerfield number. The solution algorithm shall also provide three dimensional pressure profiles of the bearing for different groove location. It was found that groove location with respect to the loading line strongly influences the parameters of performance because of the stronger groove interference in the pressurized hydrodynamic field. The comparison of circumferential pressure with angular location from +X-axis is shown for the ratio of length to diameter which comes out to be 0.5, the clearance ratio (C/R) is found to be 0.00294 while 1125 rpm is the speed. The groove axes optimal location lies between 60° to 90° (  g =0°) to the line of loading

Impact of health education on knowledge and attitude of self-breast examination among female nursing students

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and a leading cause of death worldwide, including in India. Breast cancer usually shows a slow development rate, and when it is recognized in the early stages, successful treatment results can be achieved. Breast self-examination is a screening option for young women. Health awareness programs on screening and early detection are the cornerstones for reducing the morbidity and mortality resulting from breast cancer. Objective: To assess the impact of health education on knowledge and attitude of self-breast examination among nursing students. Study Design: The present interventional study was conducted between September and October 2019. Setting: This study was done among 79 nursing students of a tertiary care hospital situated in a central district of Uttar Pradesh. Main Outcome Measures: The self-reported pre-designed and structured questionnaire was used. It included three sections: 1. Sociodemographic profile 2. Knowledge regarding self-breast examination (SBE) 3. Attitude regarding self-breast examination (SBE). Knowledge and attitude scores were calculated and divided into the poor, average, and good categories. Results: There were 87.3% of girls had prior knowledge of the self-breast examination, while 12.7% of girls were not aware of the self-breast examination. Post-intervention, there was a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in their knowledge about self-breast examination. Conclusion and Relevance: Planned teaching intervention had a significant impact on the knowledge and attitude of self-breast examination. The knowledge and attitude were poor at the early stages, but it had increased significantly after the health education intervention

Effect of Groove Location on Pressure Profile of Twin Axial Groove Journal Bearing

1049-1052The main aim of current work is to analyze the influence of groove location on the pressure profile of the hybrid journal bearing. The objective is to develop solution algorithm and computer program which will provide pressure profile developed in the space of clearance of bearing having a given value of Somerfield number. The solution algorithm shall also provide three dimensional pressure profiles of the bearing for different groove location. It was found that groove location with respect to the loading line strongly influences the parameters of performance because of the stronger groove interference in the pressurized hydrodynamic field. The comparison of circumferential pressure with angular location from +X-axis is shown for the ratio of length to diameter which comes out to be 0.5, the clearance ratio (C/R) is found to be 0.00294 while 1125 rpm is the speed. The groove axes optimal location lies between 60° to 90° (∝1 g =0°) to the line of loading

EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF ZEBRA FISH DANIO RERIO

Number of pharmaceuticals are commonly used now-a-days for the treatment of various ailments. Among them, Diclofenac sodium is used to relief pain and joint stiffness but the residual part of it exerts various side effects. It has been shown that the residue of diclofenac reaches in considerably high amounts in aquatic environment which causes toxicity to aquatic animals especially in fishes. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to observe the effect of diclofenac sodium in the glycogen content of zebra fish in three different tissues i.e. liver, gills and muscles. LC50 at 24 hours exposure of diclofenac sodium estimated by direct interpolation method was found to be 26.25mg/l. To observe the effect of diclofenac sodium on glycogen content, the fishes were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as untreated control. Group 2 was treated with 24hrs LC50 of diclofenac. Group 3 &amp; 4 received 1/5th conc. of 24hrs LC50 for 7 and 15 days respectively. Fishes were sacrificed after lethal and sub lethal exposure. Liver, gills and muscles were separately analysed to study the glycogen content by Anthrone reagent test. It was observed that glycogen content drastically decreased within 24 hours of diclofenac treatment &amp; then gradually increased in 7 &amp; 15 days treatment. Thus, this study indicates that level of glycogen can greatly be altered in response to the toxic effects caused by diclofenac in zebra fish. KEY WORDS: Diclofenac, Zebra fish, glycogen, LC50

In vitro regeneration, callus induction and rhizogenesis in Ficus krishnae: A rare endangered plant

346-351Ficus krishnae which belongs to the family Moraceae is an endangered plant species with medicinal potential. Due to over-exploitative commercial use, it has become endangered hence demands immediate conservation. Application of in vitro strategies in conservation of plants is an efficient technique to produce true-to-type plantlets. In the present study, nodal segment explants were used as induction of shoots on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with 0.5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to determine optimum levels of BAP and NAA for multiple shoot formation. Cytokinins, BAP and kinetin (Kn) were tested for shoot regeneration from nodal and axillary shoot tip explants. Among all the treatments BAP and Kn tested BAP at 4.0 mg/l and at 2.5 mg/l responds optimum in shoot regeneration from nodal explants and axillary shoot tip, respectively. Average number of sprouted shoots per explant and length of these shoots were determined after three weeks of explant inoculation. Axillary- shoot tip explants show best results of callus induction at 2 mg/l 2,4 diphenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) with a response percentage of 83.33%. Moreover, it was also noted that among the different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) tested, IBA at the concentration of 1.5 mg/l resulted best in inducing the maximum number (12.66 ± 0.33) of in vitro adventitious roots from the callus. In this study combination of BAP + NAA (4.0 + 0.5) mg/l and 2 mg/l (2,4-D) resulted better in shoot induction and callus formation respectively in F. Krishnae

Role of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG in Prevention of Necrotizing Entrocolitis and Late Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates < 35 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: There is a paucity of RCTs that have systemically evaluated the effects of L.GG on the prevention of NEC and LOS in preterm neonates.To study different incidence rates of NEC and LOS. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of hyperbillirubinaemia, mortality, side effects and weight gain.Methods: This is an open labeled RCT. Preterm infants with a gestational age of < 35 weeks were assigned to three groups: A(L.GG sachet 6 billion organism), B(L.GG drops 2 billion organisms), C (no probiotic) using fixed block randomization. Probiotic was administered till the neonate reached the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or a maximum of 4 weeks.Results: Of 123 neonates, NEC developed in 2(4.88%) in group A versus 1(2.38%) in group B and 0 (0%) in group C (p value- 0.37). LOS also developed in 5(12.2%) in group A versus 3(7.14%) in group B and 3(7.5%) in group C (p-value 0.7). Moreover, 92.68% of subjects were successfully discharged in group A, 95.24% in group B and 90% in group C ( p-value 0.55). A significant difference was found between the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (21.95% in group A versus 47.5% in group C (p-value 0.02) and 28.92% in Group A+B versus 47.5% in group C (p-value 0.04). There was a significant difference in weight gain at 1 month of age; 9.65±3.72 grams/kg/day in group A versus  6.58±3.86 grams/kg/day in group C (p-value 0.002) and 8.98±4.49 grams/kg/day in group B versus 6.58±3.86 grams/kg/day in group C (p-value 0.03).Conclusion: L.GG alone as a single strain administered in both high and low dosages has no significant effect on reducing the incidence of NEC, LOS and yielding immediate outcomes. A larger sample size and a blinded study are required to draw more accurate conclusions