Customized service announcements on 4G and 5G without compromising location privacy

A method and system that will allow the subscribers to manage their own announcements for various subscription or network services like busy or out of network or switched off or even not reachable in the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) over 4G and 5G network without revealing any kind of location information

Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis for late leaf spot and rust in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis for late leaf spot and rust in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Late Leaf Spot (Phaeoisariopsis personata [(Berk. and Curt.) Deighton] and rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) are the major foliar diseases of groundnut that often occur together leading to 50-70% yield loss in the crop. Two hundred and sixty eight RILs (TAG 24 × GPBD 4) segregating for late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were used to undertake QTL analysis. Phenotyping of the population was carried out under artificial disease epiphytotics for three seasons. Positive correlations between different stages, high to very high heritability and independent nature of inheritance between both the diseases was observed. Parental genotypes (TAG 24 and GPBD 4) were screened with 1089 SSR markers, of which 67 (6.15%) were found polymorphic. The study yielded partial linkage map with 14 linkage groups integrating 56 SSR markers with 364.40 cM genome coverage and average marker distance of 8.7cM. Composite interval mapping (CIM) showed 12 QTLs for LLS (1.2 to 5.6%) in three different environments. In case of rust, 13 QTLs were detected in three different environments with phenotypic variance ranged upto 54.4%. Furthermore, a major QTL associated with rust was identified by both CIM and single marker analysis (SMA) that contribute 18.4 to 54.4% phenotypic variance. Markers linked with this QTL are being validated using a wide range of resistant / susceptible breeding lines as well as progeny lines of another mapping population (TG 26 × GPBD 4). SSR marker(s) linked with major QTL for rust, once validated, will be the potential marker(s) for undertaking molecular breeding for rust resistance

A QTL study on late leaf spot and rust revealed one major QTL for molecular breeding for rust resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust are two major foliar diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) that often occur together leading to 50–70% yield loss in the crop. A total of 268 recombinant inbred lines of a mapping population TAG 24 × GPBD 4 segregating for LLS and rust were used to undertake quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Phenotyping of the population was carried out under artificial disease epiphytotics. Positive correlations between different stages, high to very high heritability and independent nature of inheritance between both the diseases were observed. Parental genotypes were screened with 1,089 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, of which 67 (6.15%) were found polymorphic. Segregation data obtained for these markers facilitated development of partial linkage map (14 linkage groups) with 56 SSR loci. Composite interval mapping (CIM) undertaken on genotyping and phenotyping data yielded 11 QTLs for LLS (explaining 1.70–6.50% phenotypic variation) in three environments and 12 QTLs for rust (explaining 1.70–55.20% phenotypic variation). Interestingly a major QTL associated with rust (QTLrust01), contributing 6.90–55.20% variation, was identified by both CIM and single marker analysis (SMA). A candidate SSR marker (IPAHM 103) linked with this QTL was validated using a wide range of resistant/susceptible breeding lines as well as progeny lines of another mapping population (TG 26 × GPBD 4). Therefore, this marker should be useful for introgressing the major QTL for rust in desired lines/varieties of groundnut through marker-assisted backcrossing

Optimization of Heat Treatment parameters to facilitate machining of SAE4340 steel without compromise on Mechanical properties

SAE 4340 is a medium carbon low alloy steel used in many automobile and aircraft applications because of its high strength and toughness. But its machinability is very low and hence this poses difficulty in manufacturing the parts needed for such applications. Machinability of this material can be improved by adopting suitable tool material like CBN or ceramics. But these tool materials are costly and usually need high speed machines like CNC which are suitable mainly for mass production. Moreover, these inserts are brittle and chip off fast especially when intermittent cuts are involved especially in the rough machining of castings in large numbers. For this reason, it is proposed to improve machinability by adopting suitable heat treatment to the steel without considering the type of tool material being used. This will change the basic property and microstructure of the steel to facilitate machining. The inter-critical heat treatment process is suggested wherein the material is heated between the upper and lower critical temperatures followed by water quenching and suitable tempering. To begin with, the material was normalized to 850°C in order to carry out specimen preparation. The specimens were then subjected to quenching at two different temperatures of 770 and 790°C in the inter-critical range after which tempering was carried out at 580°C.  Tensile strength of around 1100 N/mm2, impact strength of around 120J and hardness in the range of 35 to 40 HRC were obtained. Machinability tests were carried out on a centre lathe with lathe tool dynamometer set up using a brazed tip tool at low and high speeds giving a depth of cut of 1mm. The cutting forces were in the range of 60 to 70 kg force indicating good machinability. Thus without compromise in mechanical properties, good machinability was attained

KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF AN ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUG PROCAINAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE BY MN (VII) IN AQUEOUS SULPHURIC ACID MEDIUM: A STOPPED FLOW TECHNIQUE

Objective: To understand the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of procainamide hydrochloride by Mn(VII) in aqueous sulfuric acid medium at 298K and at constant ionic strength, I= 3.0×10-3 mol dm-3 and to identify its oxidation products.Methods: Kinetic measurements were performed on a Varian CARRY 50 Bio UV- visible spectrophotometer connected to a rapid kinetic accessory (HI-TECHSFA-12 unit). The products are characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS and NMR studies.Results: The reaction stoichiometry was determined and the results indicate that five moles of procainamide require four moles of Mn(VII). The oxidation products were identified as Mn(II), p-aminobenzoic acid and N,N-diethyl-2-nitrasoethanamine. The reaction shows first-order kinetics with respect to MnO4-and fractional order with respect to procainamide. Increase in sulphuric acid concentration increased the rate of reaction with fractional order dependence on H+ion concentration. The effect of added products, ionic strength, and dielectric constant of the medium were studied on the rate of reaction.Conclusion: A suitable mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental results. The activation parameters with respect to the slow step of the mechanism were evaluated and the thermodynamic parameters are also determined and discussed.Â

Vegetation structure and composition of tropical evergreen and deciduous forests in Uttara Kannada District, Western Ghats under different disturbance regimes

In the present paper, we present the structure and composition of tropical evergreen and deciduous forests in the Western Ghats monitored under a long-term programme involving Indian Institute of Science, Earthwatch and volunteer investigators from HSBC. Currently, there is limited evidence on the status and dynamics of tropical forests in the context of human disturbance and climate change. Observations made in this study show that the `more disturbed' evergreen and one of the deciduous plots have low species diversity compared to the less-disturbed forests. There are also variations in the size class structure in the more and `less disturbed' forests of all the locations. The variation is particularly noticeable in the DBH size class 10 - 15 cm category. When biomass stock estimates are considered, there was no significant difference between evergreen and deciduous forests. The difference in biomass stocks between `less disturbed' and `more disturbed' forests within a forest type is also low. Thus, the biomass and carbon stock has not been impacted despite the dependence of communities on the forests. Periodic and long-term monitoring of the status and dynamics of the forests is necessary in the context of potential increased human pressure and climate change. There is, therefore, a need to inform the communities of the impact of extraction and its effect on regeneration so as to motivate them to adopt what may be termed as ``adaptive resource management'', so as to sustain the flow of forest products