Generation of Test Vectors for Sequential Cell Verification

For Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and System-on-Chip (SOC) designs, Cell - Based Design (CBD) is the most prevalent practice as it guarantees a shorter design cycle, minimizes errors and is easier to maintain. In modern ASIC design, standard cell methodology is practiced with sizable libraries of cells, each containing multiple implementations of the same logic functionality, in order to give the designer differing options based on area, speed or power consumption. For such library cells, thorough verification of functionality and timing is crucial for the overall success of the chip, as even a small error can prove fatal due to the repeated use of the cell in the design. Both formal and simulation based methods are being used in the industry for cell verification. We propose a method using the latter approach that generates an optimized set of test vectors for verification of sequential cells, which are guaranteed to give complete Single Input Change transition coverage with minimal redundancy. Knowledge of the cell functionality by means of the State Table is the only prerequisite of this procedure

Singularity Free Inhomogeneous Models with Heat Flow

We present a class of singularity free exact cosmological solutions of Einstein's equations describing a perfect fluid with heat flow. It is obtained as generalization of the Senovilla class [1] corresponding to incoherent radiation field. The spacetime is cylindrically symmetric and globally regular.Comment: 6 pages, TeX, to appear in Class.Quant.Gra

Monetary costs of agitation in older adults with Alzheimer's disease in the UK: prospective cohort study

While nearly half of all people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have agitation symptoms every month, little is known about the costs of agitation in AD. We calculated the monetary costs associated with agitation in older adults with AD in the UK from a National Health Service and personal social services perspective

Orientation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy—the only way is up

BACKGROUND Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. Orientation during endoscopy is challenging and United Kingdom training focusses on technical competence and procedural safety. The reported location of UGI pathologies is crucial to post-endoscopic planning. AIM To evaluate endoscopists’ ability to spatially orientate themselves within the UGI tract. METHODS A cross sectional descriptive study elicited, using an anonymised survey, the ability of endoscopists to orientate themselves within the UGI tract. The primary outcome was percentage of correct answers from all surveyed; secondary outcomes were percentage of correct answers from experienced vs novice endoscopists. Pearson’s χ2 test was applied to compare groups. RESULTS Of 188 respondents, 86 were experienced endoscopists having completed over 1000 endoscopies. 44.4% of respondents correctly identified the anterior stomach and 47.3% correctly identified the posterior of the second part of the duodenum (D2). Experienced endoscopists were significantly more likely than novice to identify the anterior stomach correctly [61.6% vs 31.3%, X2 (1, n = 188) = 11.10, P = 0.001]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in identifying the posterior of D2. CONCLUSION The majority of endoscopists surveyed were unable to identify key landmarks within the UGI tract. Endoscopic orientation appears to improve with experience yet there are some areas still not well recognised. This has potential considerable impact on post-endoscopic management of patients with posterior duodenal ulcers being more likely to perforate and associated with a higher rebleeding risk. We suggest the development of a consensus statement on endoscopic description

Techniques for the Synthesis of Reversible Toffoli Networks

This paper presents novel techniques for the synthesis of reversible networks of Toffoli gates, as well as improvements to previous methods. Gate count and technology oriented cost metrics are used. Our synthesis techniques are independent of the cost metrics. Two new iterative synthesis procedure employing Reed-Muller spectra are introduced and shown to complement earlier synthesis approaches. The template simplification suggested in earlier work is enhanced through introduction of a faster and more efficient template application algorithm, updated (shorter) classification of the templates, and presentation of the new templates of sizes 7 and 9. A novel ``resynthesis'' approach is introduced wherein a sequence of gates is chosen from a network, and the reversible specification it realizes is resynthesized as an independent problem in hopes of reducing the network cost. Empirical results are presented to show that the methods are effective both in terms of the realization of all 3x3 reversible functions and larger reversible benchmark specifications.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Large variations in the hole spin splitting of quantum-wire subband edges

We study Zeeman splitting of zone-center subband edges in a cylindrical hole wire subject to a magnetic field parallel to its axis. The g-factor turns out to fluctuate strongly as a function of wire-subband index, assuming values that differ substantially from those found in higher-dimensional systems. We analyze the spin properties of hole-wire states using invariants of the spin-3/2 density matrix and find a strong correlation between g-factor value and the profile of hole-spin polarization density. Our results suggest possibilities for confinement engineering of hole spin splittings.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex4, to appear in PR