Immediate effect of single session Mula Banda practice on cognitive functions among adolescents

Background: Adolescence is a critical period of neurobiological processes that underlie higher cognitive functions and social and emotional behaviour; cognitive functions are important skills for academic performance. Today’s adolescents are struggling to enhance their cognitive abilities due to various new demands and options. There is also an increased academic stress & peer pressure to succeed in school, partly due to increased competition and also due to a diverse range of options available. Techniques to improve these skills are not taught either in education courses. Any practice which can improve these skills will be of value in schools, universities, and workplaces. The objective of the study was to determine whether single session of Mula Banda could enhance the cognitive functions. Material & Methods: 30 adolescents who had enrolled for the single session Mula Banda intervention. Their ages ranged between 12 to 18 years (group average ±S.D., 14.4±1.3 years; both genders). Those who have eye problem, neurological problems and mental illness, and those who are not willing to participate were excluded. Mula Banda was given for 10 minutes in a single session.  Before and after the session, all participants completed DLST, SLCT and DVT tests. Result:  single session Mula Banda practice showed significant change in DLST scores, increase (P-value< 0.000) in total attempted score, significant increase (P-value<0.000) in net score, significant reduction in wrongly attempted score (P-value<0.000). Significant change in SLCT scores, significant increase (P-value<0.000) in total attempted score, similarly, significant increase (P-value<.000) in net score, significant reduction in wrongly attempted score (P-value<0.000). Also, significant change in DVT scores, significant increase (P-value<0.000) in total time taken, similarly, significant reduction (P-value<.000) in errors. Conclusion: findings suggest that even a single session Mula Banda practice could enhance the cognitive function among adolescents

A retrospective analytic study of clino-histopathological correlation of ovarian mass

Background: Ovarian tumours account for 30% of all cancers of female genital tract. The study of histology of ovarian masses therefore is of prime importance. The objective of the study was the clinical and histopathological presentation of ovarian masses.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 44 patients with ovarian masses from January 2014 to December 2014 at P. D. U. Medical College, Rajkot. Patients with ovarian masses who were surgically managed were included in the study. Patients with non-ovarian masses and those who were conservatively managed were excluded. The data was collected in Excel Sheet and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Test.Results: Incidence of Ovarian masses was 20.85 % in our Institute. Among 44 cases 54.5 % were neoplastic. Among the neoplasms 95.83% were benign and 4.16% were malignant. Mean age of presentation of benign neoplasm was 38years and that of malignant was 50 years. Incidence of non-neoplastic ovarian masses was 45.5 %. Mean age of presentation of non-neoplastic ovarian masses was 31 years. Pain in abdomen was the most common clinical presentation of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian masses. Mucinous Cystadenoma and Teratoma-Dermoid Cyst were the commonest benign tumor followed by Serous Cystadenoma.Conclusions: In our study, non-neoplastic ovarian masses presented in equal proportions as that of neoplastic ovarian masses. 31-40 years age group showed the highest propensity of occurrence of Ovarian Masses. Mucinous Cystadenoma was highly emerged most common benign Ovarian Mass in this study

Cytokine release syndrome in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A retrospective study analyzing risks, outcomes, and healthcare burden

Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapy for various malignancies. However, its use is associated with challenges, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a potentially severe complication. This retrospective study aims to analyze the risks, outcomes, and healthcare burden of CRS in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy. Method Data from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were utilized, comprising 415 CAR-T-related hospitalizations. They were categorized into those with CRS (n = 68) and those without CRS (n = 347). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, race, income, insurance status, and comorbidities, were compared. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), total hospital charges, and access to complications, associations, and interventions. Statistical analyses, including multivariable models, were employed to assess associations. Results Hospitalizations with CRS did not exhibit significant differences in age, gender, race, income, or insurance status compared to those without CRS. The multivariable analysis showed no statistically significant difference in mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71 to 8.69, p = 0.151), LOS (coefficient = -2.1 days, 95% CI: -5.43 to 1.21, p = 0.207), or total hospital charges (coefficient = $207,456, 95$6119 to $421,031, p = 0.057) between the two groups. The CRS group had a higher incidence of fever (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.15 to 3.17, p = 0.014), acute respiratory failure (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.01 to 4.40, p= 0.049), and the need for intubation/mechanical ventilation (aOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.88, p = 0.024). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was significantly associated with CRS (aOR = 6.72, 95% CI: 2.03 to 22.18, p = 0.002). Conclusion While the development of CRS in CAR-T-treated patients did not significantly increase mortality, LOS, or total hospital charges, it was associated with specific risks and outcomes, including fever, respiratory failure, and HLH. This study emphasizes the importance of vigilance in recognizing and managing CRS in CAR-T therapy to optimize patient outcomes. The findings contribute valuable insights to guide clinical decision-making in the context of CAR-T therapy

A prospective study of maternal factors and perinatal outcome of preterm birth

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, henceforth being a major concern for the obstetricians and paediatricians as well being a major health care issue. Preventing and treating the associated risk factors could play a major role in curbing the perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: A total 100 women with preterm labour or an indicated preterm termination of pregnancy were enrolled in the study. They were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination, and ultrasonography. Corticosteroids were given to all the patients. Maternal risk factors, obstetric outcome and perinatal outcome till discharge were studied.Results: Of the 100 women studied, mean age of the cases was 27 years, 60% of the cases belonged to lower socio-economic class, 74% of the cases were under 55 kgs weight group and 77% of cases were anaemic. 34% cases were below 34 weeks of gestation, 58% were multigravida, and 2% grand multipara with 35% labour being induced labour because of presence of various risk factors such as preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and chorioamnionitis. 6% cases had multiple pregnancies and 8% had history of preterm delivery in previous pregnancy. Out of 107 babies, 73% neonates required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and there was 12.14% neonatal mortality rate.Conclusions: Anaemia, malnutrition, infection, high order pregnancy are the preventable causes of preterm birth which can be prevented, screened and treated by specialised antenatal programs

Study of hundred cases of infertility in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its management outcome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is relatively common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women, which leads to reproductive, metabolic and endocrine abnormality. About 70 to 80% patients with PCOS have complained of infertility due to anovulation. Due to advanced diagnostic facility by endoscopic evaluation in infertility, incidence of PCOS has increased now a days.Methods: This is study of 100 cases of infertility with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its pregnancy outcome. In this study, from May 2019 to April 2020, 100 cases of infertility with PCOS were studied at tertiary care hospital. Hormonal assay, ultrasound and laparoscopy were used as diagnostic technique. Clomiphene citrate, letrozole, metformin, and laparoscopic ovarian drilling were used as treatment modalities.Results: The maximum number of patients in the study group are seen in the age group of 21-25 years. Menstrual irregularities are the most common presenting symptom affecting 70% females. Primary infertility is most commonly associated with PCOS. In PCOS, there is increased LH:FSH ratio. On USG examination, there are enlarged ovaries in 82% cases.Conclusions: PCOS is an emerging disease of new generation with high prevalence in infertile women. After proper diagnosis, management with lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy with clomiphene citrate, letrozole and metformin are used as per necessities. Operative laparoscopy with ovarian drilling is the main treatment which results in good conception rate

Mismatch repair-deficient rectal cancer and resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Purpose: Evaluate response of mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Experimental Design: dMMR rectal tumors at Memorial Sloan Kettering were retrospectively reviewed for characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Fifty dMMR rectal cancer patients were identified by immunohistochemistry and/or microsatellite instability analysis, with initial treatment response compared to a matched pMMR rectal cancer cohort. Germline and somatic mutation analyses were evaluated. Patient-derived dMMR rectal tumoroids were assessed for chemotherapy sensitivity. Results: Of 21 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracil/oxaliplatin), 6 (29%) had progression of disease. In comparison, no progression was noted in 63 pMMR rectal tumors (P = 0.0001). Rectal cancer dMMR tumoroids reflected this resistance to chemotherapy. No genomic predictors of chemotherapy response were identified. Of 16 patients receiving chemoradiation, 13 (93%) experienced tumor downstaging; one patient had stable disease, comparable to 48 pMMR rectal cancers. Of 13 patients undergoing surgery, 12 (92%) had early-stage disease. Forty-two (84%) of the 50 patients tested positive for Lynch syndrome (LS) with enrichment of germline MSH2 and MSH6 mutations when compared to 193 LS-associated colon cancer patients (MSH2, 57% vs 36%; MSH6, 17% vs 9%; P < .003). Conclusions: Over one-fourth of dMMR rectal tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy exhibited disease progression. Conversely, dMMR rectal tumors were sensitive to chemoradiation. MMR status should be performed upfront in all locally advanced rectal tumors with careful monitoring for response on neoadjuvant chemotherapy and genetic testing for LS in dMMR rectal cancer patients

A retrospective analytic study of clino-histopathological correlation of ovarian mass

Background: Ovarian tumours account for 30% of all cancers of female genital tract. The study of histology of ovarian masses therefore is of prime importance. The objective of the study was the clinical and histopathological presentation of ovarian masses.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 44 patients with ovarian masses from January 2014 to December 2014 at P. D. U. Medical College, Rajkot. Patients with ovarian masses who were surgically managed were included in the study. Patients with non-ovarian masses and those who were conservatively managed were excluded. The data was collected in Excel Sheet and analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Test.Results: Incidence of Ovarian masses was 20.85 % in our Institute. Among 44 cases 54.5 % were neoplastic. Among the neoplasms 95.83% were benign and 4.16% were malignant. Mean age of presentation of benign neoplasm was 38years and that of malignant was 50 years. Incidence of non-neoplastic ovarian masses was 45.5 %. Mean age of presentation of non-neoplastic ovarian masses was 31 years. Pain in abdomen was the most common clinical presentation of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian masses. Mucinous Cystadenoma and Teratoma-Dermoid Cyst were the commonest benign tumor followed by Serous Cystadenoma.Conclusions: In our study, non-neoplastic ovarian masses presented in equal proportions as that of neoplastic ovarian masses. 31-40 years age group showed the highest propensity of occurrence of Ovarian Masses. Mucinous Cystadenoma was highly emerged most common benign Ovarian Mass in this study

Preparation and optimization of microemulsion of rosuvastatin calcium

Due to very less bioavailability (20%) of Rosuvastatin calcium, an attempt was made to develop and optimize microemulsion formulation. Capmul MCM, Tween 20 and PEG 400 were selected as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively as the drug is having higher solubility in them. 3:1% w/w S:CoS was selected as it gave higher microemulsion area. Optimized batch (ME-1) was selected having 5% Capmul MCM, 50% Tween 20:PEG 400 and 45% water based on evaluation parameters globule size, zeta potential, PDI, % transmittance