The Acute Effect of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on the Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen in Mechanically Ventilated Children After the Norwood Operation

This study was conducted to determine the effect of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions on hemodynamic parameters in pediatric patients with single ventricle physiology. This study was a retrospective chart review. Final analysis included data from 33 eligible patients less than 18 years of age who received a pRBC transfusion following a Norwood operation. Hemodynamic parameters were collected within a 3-hour period before and after transfusion. Hemoglobin (p\u3c0.01) was significantly increased while arterial lactate (p=0.03) and paO2/FiO2 (p=0.04) significantly decreased following the pRBC transfusion. pRBC transfusions can improve hemodynamics and delivery of oxygen in infants with single ventricle physiology

VLSI Implementation of Reversible Watermarking using RCM

In this paper the design and implementation of image watermarking algorithm called reversible contrast mapping (RCM) is given. Watermarking is to embed the one important information into the cover media to provide the security to data. Reversible watermarking is one of the important scheme of the watermarking which is useful when reconstruction of original image from watermarked data is necessary after using it like medical and military images. We have used reversible contrast mapping (RCM) algorithm for inserting watermark of size 64×64 in original image of size 128 128. It is integer transform applied on pixel pairs. It gives high embedding rate at lower mathematical complexity and it does not require data compression with lowest complexity. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15054

Comparative Analysis of Image Stenography Techniques for Image Quality & Security

In this paper, discuss about the data hiding using the wavelet approach is better technique in stegnography techniques. optimization techniques are better results provides for the data hiding in stenography. In Discrete Wavelet Transform, HAAR Wavelet gives the excellent peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and less computation time. In optimization, particle swarm optimization technique is gives excellent better result in case of PSNR ratio.In spatial domain, common useful technique is least significant bit(LSB) gives better result in case of data payload capacity and less computation time. In paper mentioned, all above techniques with compare to other related techniques useful in stegnography

Prevalence of HIV in antenatal women at GMERS Medical College Sola, Ahmedabad

Background: Estimating the seroprevalence of HIV in a low risk population such as pregnant women provides essential information for an effective implementation of AIDS control programmes, and also for the monitoring of HIV spread within a country. Few studies are available from Gujarat, India showing the current trend in HIV prevalence in the antenatal population; which led us to carry out this study at a tertiary care hospital in GMERS medical college, Sola, Ahmedabad, India.Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 8224 antenatal patients, who attended for first time at antenatal OPD at GMERS Medical College, Sola between April 2012 to March 2014, were included in the study. HIV testing was done by RAPID method after taking informed consent and pre-test counselling as per NACO guideline.Results: Out of total 8224 antenatal patients 7921 (96%) patient opted for HIV testing. Seroprevalence of HIV is found to be 15/7921 (0.19%). 7044/7921 (88.93%) women attended post-test counselling. 12/15 (80%) HIV positive women accepted post-test counselling.12/15 (80%) spouses accepted testing for HIV. 8/12 (66.66%) spouses of HIV positive women were also found to be HIV positive.Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HIV infection in antenatal women is low

Obstetric and perinatal outcome in previous one cesarean section

Background: Women with previous cesarean sections constitute a high risk group in obstetrics, with associated complications. The cesarean section carries 3 fold risk of mortality compared with vaginal deliveries. The study was conducted to determine the mode of deliveries after previous one cesarean section, maternal and fetal complication.Methods: This is a prospective observation study. Total 150 patients of previous one caesarean with gestational weeks between 37 to 40 weeks admitted in labour room of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Sola Civil Hospital with spontaneous onset of labour, over a period of one year from April 2014 to April 2015 or till the desired sample will reached.Results: In the present study, out of 150 pregnant women with history of previous one LSCS who were subjected to this study, 39(26%) underwent elective LSCS, commonest indication being previous pregnancy bad experience (38.46%). 111(74%) underwent trial of labour after cesarean section out of it 77(69.36%) had successful VBAC and 34(30.63%) underwent repeat emergency LSCS. Maternal complications were higher in Emergency LSCS group than in those had a successful VBAC (17.64% vs.3.89%)). Neonatal complications were also higher in Emergency LSCS group than in those had a successful VBAC (2.95% vs. 0%).Conclusions: With proper case selection, appropriate timing and close supervision trial of labour after prior LSCS is safe and often successful

Comparison of various method of fetal birth weight estimation in term pregnancy

Introduction: Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is vital for the obstetrician in deciding whether or not to deliver the fetus as well as in fixing the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. Various clinical formulae like Johnson's formula & Dare's formula and USG are in use for fetal weight estimation.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various methods- Dare’s formula, Johnson's formula and Hadlock's formula using ultrasound, and to compare the methods after knowing the actual weight of the baby after birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 227 women at term pregnancy at GMERS medical college & Hospital, sola , Ahmedabad from April 2014 to April 2016. The formulas used in this study are: Johnson's formula, Dare’s formula and Hadlock-4 formula using ultrasound.Result: Results vary in terms of accuracy with various methods employed for estimating the fetal weight. This study showed that Hadlock-4 was the best indicator among all other methods assessed followed by Dare’s formula.Conclusion: Whenever the Facility is available, Ultrasound is the best method for birth weight assessment. Dare’s formula is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction. It continues to be used in many countries on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultrasonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups

Krukenberg tumor in a young female arising from a primary adenocarcinoma of stomach: a case report

Krukenberg tumor is a malignancy of ovary that metastasizes from a primary site. Krukenberg tumors are uncommon and account for less than 2% of all ovarian tumors. It is usually a bilateral involvement of ovaries from the metastatic deposit from adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Krukenberg tumors mostly occur after 40 years. Metastatic ovarian tumors in young age are very rare. Here, we reported a very rare case of bilateral Krukenberg tumors of the ovaries arising from a primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a 20 year old Indian female

RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AND PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET

Objective: To develop and validate robust, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric method for determination of Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride.Methods: Ratio spectra derivative method was developed using water as solvent. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.Results: Linearity of the developed method was 0.9958 and 0.9987 in the range of 4-20 ppm and 12-60 ppm for Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride respectively. % Relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be less than 2 for Intraday precision and Intermediate precision. % recovery was found to be 98.5–100.27 % and 98.38–101.99 % for Ketorolac Tromethamine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride respectively.Conclusion: A robust, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated as per ICH guidelines.Â

Organization of the Centromeric Satellite I Cluster and D21z1 Short Arm Junction Region of Human Chromosome 21

To study chromosomal segregation errors causing Down syndrome one needs a chromosome 21 (HC21) specific centromeric marker, which presently does not exist. Alphoid DNA is the only repetitive sequence at all human centromeres. The current map of HC21 has a gap in the p-arm alphoid (D21Z1) junction region and the centromeric satellite I (satI) sequence. This satellite I cluster was shown not to be a specific centromeric marker since it is also on HC13. There are actually multiple satI families on both HC13 and HC21. This project also filled the gap in the HC21map and characterized the D21Z1 p- arm junction region. A complete HC21 centromere physical map now exists that identified a novel Y-satellite I cluster and established clear linkage relations between D21Z1, satellite I and Y-satellite I. The D21Z1 p-arm junction region\u27s structure is not consistent with the unequal crossover model for the evolution of this region

Impact of FLAMM scoring on cesarean section rate in previous one lower segment cesarean section patient

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Flamm scoring for Successful VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean) and Failed TOLAC (Emergency cesarean section) in case of previous one lower segment cesarean delivery.Methods: This is prospective observation study. Out of 150, 111 patients gave consent for TOLAC. 111 patients with previous one caesarean section with gestational weeks between 37 to 40 weeks with spontaneous onset of labour admitted in labour room of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Sola Civil Hospital over a period of 1 year from April 2014 to April 2015.Results: In the present study, 111 (74%) patients had undergone TOLAC trial. Out of 111, 77(69.36%) patients had successful VBAC whereas 34 (30.63%) had emergency cesarean. Among the successful VBAC, 7 patients had assisted vaginal delivery to cut short the second stage in prolonged labour. 26% patients refused to give consent for TOLAC from total number of patients in this study. Mean FLAMM score for Successful VBAC was 5.35 (95% CI, 3.9 to 6.7) compared to Failed TOLAC (EME CS) was 3.62 (95% CI, 3.27 to 4.57) Chances of success of TOLAC was increased with increasing FLAMM score according to this study.Conclusions: Application of FLAMM scoring gives fare judgment of successful vaginal birth in TOLAC. So FLAMM scoring can be applied in each previous one lower segment cesarean section patient undergoing TOLAC without increasing morbidity. Practice of protocol of applying FLAMM score and monitoring by partogram will reduce the rate of cesarean section in previous one lower segment cesarean section patient