Variant Distal Ulnar Nerve Loop: A Previously Undescribed Anatomical Finding.

A previously undescribed variant ulnar nerve loop was discovered during the routine anatomic forearm and hand dissection of an adult female. The major finding was that of a large loop traveling around the distal tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The variation presented here appears to be unique. The exact function of such derailed anatomy is not clear but, if found during surgery, might confound normal dissection methods or, when present, could result in varied clinical presentations regarding the sensory or motor examination of the hand

Fenestration of the Proximal Left Ovarian Vein.

A fenestration in the left ovarian vein was found in a fresh-frozen female cadaver. The opening did not have any vessels or additional anatomical structures passing through it. The ovarian vein is also referred to as the female gonadal vein. This type of anatomical variation is clinically relevant in procedures that deal with the manipulation of the gonadal veins, specifically conditions such as ovarian vein thrombosis, ovarian vein stenosis, and pelvic congestion syndrome

Maternal mortality in tertiary care hospital: a 2-year review

Background: Epidemiological data pertaining to maternal mortality is valuable in each set up to design interventional programs to favourably reduce the ratio. This study was done to evaluate the maternal mortality rate in our hospital, to assess the epidemiological aspects and causes of maternal mortality, and to suggest recommendations for improvement.Methods: This was a 2-year retrospective study. Epidemiological data was collected from the Last 2 years of Facility Based Maternal Death Review Form. Maternal mortality ratio, epidemiological factors and causes affecting maternal mortality were assessed.Results: A total of 72 maternal deaths occurred. Most maternal deaths occurred in the age group of 20–24 years (40.27%), multiparous women (70.83%), women from rural areas (65.27%), illiterate women, unbooked patients (83.33%), and patients of low socioeconomic status. Direct causes accounted for 62.4% of maternal deaths where as 37.4% of maternal deaths were due to indirect causes.Conclusions: There is a wide scope for improvement as a large proportion of the observed deaths could be preventable

An Unusual Back Muscle Identified Bilaterally: Case Report.

Most muscular structures in the human body are named based on their function, origin/insertion, or shape. During routine dissection of the back, an unusual muscle was found deep to the rhomboid muscles. The details of this case and a review of the extant literature are provided

Variant anatomy of the buccal nerve.

Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the nerves of the oral cavity is important to surgeons who operate this region. Herein, we report a rare case of a buccal nerve with two distinct roots. The anatomy of this case and its clinical applications is discussed

Maternal serum βhCG level and uterine artery doppler studies as predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension and intra uterine growth restriction: a prospective study

Background: PIH, a pregnancy-specific disorder, is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.PIH and fetal growth restriction are important causes of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortility.Methods: Hundred Indian pregnant women in their second trimester (13-20 weeks) and in their late second trimester (24-28 weeks) investigated for their serum β-hCG level and uterine artery Doppler studies respectively, attending OPD/IPD in Sir T. hospital, Bhavnagar from June 2014 to June 2015.Results: There is no clinical significance between parity and occurrence of PIH (p=0.2) and FGR (p=0.7). Out of 77 patients with their β hCG level ≤2 MoM, 2 patients (2.59%) developed PIH and FGR. And from 12 patients with their β hCG level ≥2 MoM 10 patients (80%) developed PIH and FGR which is highly significant (p<0.001). The study establishes the validity of beta HCG as a predictor of PIH and FGR with the sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 97.5%.Conclusions: This study can be concluded by there is a strong association between high maternal serum ß-hCG level, abnormal uterine Doppler studies with predicting adverse outcome of pregnancy like PIH and FGR. There is also a good association between high maternal serum ß-hCG level and rising severity of the disease

Cross sectional observational study to assess the knowledge of drugs utilized in emergency medical conditions amongst medical interns and residents in tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Medical interns and residents are future medical professionals and as first-line responders, they may confront any type of emergency. Knowledge of pharmacotherapeutics (PTs) is the backbone of emergency care. Therefore, this study is designed to assess PTs’ knowledge and identify the lacunae in handling various medical emergencies among medical interns and residents.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study. A self-structured questionnaire containing 30 close-ended questions, assessing the knowledge of drugs utilized in various medical emergency conditions was prepared and circulated in the form of a Google form. A credit score of “1” was given for each correct response. Grading of knowledge was done as “poor” (≤50%), “average” (>50-70%), and “adequate” (>70%-100%) The student’s unpaired t-test was used to analyse the data.Results: A total of 282 candidates responded, with 148 (52.48 %) interns and 134 (47.52%) residents. Participants had the least knowledge of PTs for anaphylactic shock. Participants’ knowledge of PTs was found to be adequate regarding the central nervous system and electrolyte disorders while average regarding toxicology, immunization, and endocrine system. Results suggested that residents (mean score: 21.42±5.06) were significantly (p=0.0165) more knowledgeable than interns (mean score: 19.96±5.08). Among respondents, 17.6% of interns and 13.4% of residents had poor performance while 45.9% of interns and 53.7% of residents had adequate performance.Conclusions: The current study provides valuable information regarding the state of PTs’ knowledge in medical emergencies among interns and residents, which can be used to improve undergraduate as well as postgraduate training. 

Occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students working during COVID Pandemic

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, medical students have been allotted various duties like rapid antigen testing, Sanjivani corona ghar seva (service provided by the government for home quarantine people), RTPCR swab collection, and posting in wards and intensive care units (ICUs). While executing the COVID-19 duties, students had a significant degree of a significant degree of ambiguity and apprehension. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical students performing COVID-19 duties.Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate students of a tertiary care teaching hospital, who were deployed on COVID-19 duty during pandemic. A google form-based questionnaire was structured, encompassing demographic details, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire and other (additional) COVID-19 duty related questions. The analysis of data was done by using unpaired t-test and chi-square test in Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0Results: In our research study, we found that occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 40.46%, 48.37%, and 30.69% among the medical students during COVID -19 duty, respectively. Higher occurrence and more severity (p<0.01) of depression, anxiety and stress was seen in female medical students during COVID-19 duty in pandemic.Conclusions: We observed a higher occurrence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students while performing their COVID-19 duty in a pandemic. Medical students played a significant role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, measures should be taken to ensure the psychological wellbeing of medical students.

Secret sharing MPC on FPGAs in the datacenter

Multi-Party Computation (MPC) is a technique enabling data from several sources to be used in a secure computation revealing only the result while protecting the orig- inal data, facilitating shared utilization of data sets gathered by different entities. The presence of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware in datacenters can provide accelerated computing as well as low latency, high bandwidth communication that bolsters the performance of MPC and lowers the barrier to using MPC for many applications. In this work, we propose a Secret Sharing FPGA design based on the protocol described by Araki et al. [1]. We compare our hardware design to the original authors’ software implementations of Secret Sharing and to work accelerating MPC protocols based on Garbled Circuits with FPGAs. Our conclusion is that Secret Sharing in the datacenter is competitive and when implemented on FPGA hardware was able to use at least 10× fewer computer resources than the original work using CPUs.Accepted manuscrip

Arithmetic and Boolean secret sharing MPC on FPGAs in the data center

Multi-Party Computation (MPC) is an important technique used to enable computation over confidential data from several sources. The public cloud provides a unique opportunity to enable MPC in a low latency environment. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware adoption allows for both MPC acceleration and utilization of low latency, high bandwidth communication networks that substantially improve the performance of MPC applications. In this work, we show how designing arithmetic and Boolean Multi-Party Computation gates for FPGAs in a cloud provide improvements to current MPC offerings and ease their use in applications such as machine learning. We focus on the usage of Secret Sharing MPC first designed by Araki et al [1] to design our FPGA MPC while also providing a comparison with those utilizing Garbled Circuits for MPC. We show that Secret Sharing MPC provides a better usage of cloud resources, specifically FPGA acceleration, than Garbled Circuits and is able to use at least a 10 × less computer resources as compared to the original design using CPUs.Accepted manuscrip