Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats

Present study was designed to evaluate in effect of Hesperidine on renal complication in Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced renal damage in Sprague dawley diabetic rats. Hyperglycaemia is most probably a contributing factor in the development of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) in many patients. Both clinical and experimental data suggest that hyperglycaemia increases the risk of ARF. Type 2 Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, STZ) in overnight fasting rats followed by the i.p administration of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, NIC) after 15 minutes. After right nephrectomy, Hesperidine (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) was administered for 15 days. On the 16th day, ischemia was induced in contra lateral kidney for 45 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. Renal function marker and oxidative parameter were estimated at the end of 24 hr reperfusion. At the end of experimental period the level of malondialdehyde formation/ lipid peroxidation (LPO) in kidney tissue and serum marker Creatinine, Urea and Uric acids were significantly increased. Whereas, the activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found to be decreased significantly compared to control rats. Hesperidine improved the renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. In conclusion, Hesperidine shows potent may improve renal complication in I/R induced renal damage in type 2 diabetic rats.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pharmacology Department, Dharmaj Degree Pharmacy College, Petlad-Khambhat Road, Dharmaj, Anand-388430, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected]; Tel: +919825882522Cite This Article As: Jagdish Kakadiya, Divyang Patel, Nehal Shah. 2010. Effect of hesperidin on renal complication in experimentally induced renal damage in diabetic sprague dawley rats. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(2): 45-50

A STUDY ON COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE WITH INTRAVENOUS FENTANYL FOR SUPPRESSION OF HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION DURING GENERAL ANAESTHESIA

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation is the Gold standard for airway management but this evokes a stress response which is exhibited in the form of changes in heart rate, blood pressure and arrhythmias. This study was prospective, randomized, double blind study to determine whether the fentanyl 2µg/Kg or dexmedetomidine 1µg/Kg would decrease the attenuation of hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. Methodology: The patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In Group D cases (n=30) received injection Dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg diluted to 10ml NS IV over 10min using syringe pump prior to intubation and 5ml of NS 5 min. prior to intubation. In Group F cases (n=30) received 2µg/kg diluted to 5ml NS 5min. prior to intubation and 20ml NS in infusion pump over 10 min., prior to intubation. Results: The age and weight of the cases in both the groups are comparable. It was observed that mean HR increased in both groups D and F immediately after endotracheal intubation. The systolic blood pressure was highly significant in group F as compared to group D during laryngoscopy and intubation, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after intubation (p<0.000). Ramsay sedation score was ≥ 4 in all patients in group D and was ≤ 3 in group F. Dexmedetomidine has higher sedation score but no respiratory depression. Conclusion: We concluded that dexmedetomidine in dose 1µgm/kg i.v. is more effective in attenuating the hemodynamic pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation than Inj. Fentanyl 2µgm/kg i.v. when given as pre-medicant without significant side effects.

Cardiac implantable electronic device lead extraction in patients with underlying infection using open thoracotomy or percutaneous techniques

Background: Explanting infected cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and extracting their associated leads can be performed percutaneously (EP) or via open-thoracotomy (OR) approach. In this study, we examined the characteristics and outcomes of infected CIED patients undergoing EP vs. OR extraction procedures. Methods: All patients (EP: n = 329 and OR: n = 24) who received lead extraction in the presence of an infected CIED from 2005 to 2010 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were included in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical records. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to adjust for severity of co-morbid conditions. Results: Compared to the EP group, OR patients were more likely to have positive blood cultures, larger vegetations, and worse CCI scores. They also had higher total mortality rates at 1 (p = 0.036), 6 (p = 0.020), and 12 months (p = 0.012) after the procedure. One-year survival after lead extractions was significantly better for the EP compared to the OR group (p = 0.002) even after adjusting for other comorbid illnesses (HR = 2.6, p = 0.010) in a Cox regression model. Conclusions: Infected CIED patients undergoing open-chest lead extraction are sicker and have higher mortality rates compared to those undergoing percutaneous extraction. Randomized, prospective data are needed to determine whether the procedural strategy for lead extraction accounts in part for the difference in outcome.

EFFECT OF ORAL CLONIDINE AND ORAL GABAPENTINE AS PREMEDICATION ON HEMODYNAMIC STRESS RESPONSES DURING LARYNGOSCOPY AND TRACHEAL INTUBATION AND DURATION OF POST OPERATIVE ANALGESIA

Introduction: Direct laryngoscopy and passage of endotracheal tube are noxious stimuli that can provoke stress response in cardiovascular, respiratory and other physiological systems. This study was planned to evaluate the effect of oral Gabapentin and oral clonidine on laryngoscopic stress response and postoperative pain relief. Methods: 90 patients between the age group 18 to 60 years belonging to ASA class I and II scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries were devided into three groups. Each patient was given 0.2mg inj. Glycopyrolate i.m and oral tab. Clonidine 0.2mg (group C) or oral tab. Gabapentine 900mg (group G) or oral tab. vitamine C (group P) 30 min before surgery. Results: Oral Clonidine (0.2 mg) when given in premedication provided better attenuation of hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation compared to oral Gabapentine (900 mg), where hypertensive response was fairly obtunded, but not the tachycardiac response. Conclusion: Oral Clonidine has better response over tachycardia than Gabapentine, whereas Gabapentine is superior to clonidine for post-operative analgesia

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROPIVACAINE VERSUS ROPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE FOR CAUDAL ANALGESIA IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP AMONG LOWER ABDOMINAL AND LOWER LIMB SURGERY

Introduction: Clonidine, an a2 adrenergic agonist, prolongs analgesia without significant respiratory depression. The analgesic action of epidurally-administered clonidine is due to stimulation of descending noradrenergic medullospinal pathways inhibiting the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. The present study was done with the objective of assessing advantages of use of clonidine with Ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in paediatric age group among lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. Methodology: A randomized controlled study consisted in two groups of thirty paediatric patients (1-10 years) each with lower abdominal and lower limb surgery was carried out at Department of Anaesthesia, SMIMER Hospital, Surat during Jan to Dec 2012.Total 60 patients were randomly allocated in two groups by chit method. In Group R patients Inj.Ropivacaine0.25% (0.5 ml/kg) was given and in Group RC patients Inj. Ropivacaine 0.25%(0.5 ml/kg)+ Inj. Clonidine 2mg/kg was given. Patients were assessed for pain Modified objective pain score and sedation assessed with Four Point sedation score. Results: Mean age of patient was 4.77 ± 2.487 years in Group R and 5.37 ± 2.723 yrs in Group RC. Total Male:Female ratio was 9:1. Majority of patients were operated for congenital herniotomy (68.3%) followed by Hypospadiasis repair (16.6%).Mean modified pain score was measured at each hour postoperatively. It was higher at each level in Group R and this difference was statistically significant. The mean duration of analgesia was 7.17 hrs in Group R and 12.93 hrs in Group RC. This difference was also statistically significant (p-Value < 0.001). Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that the addition of clonidine 2µg/kg to single shot caudal block with Ropivacaine 0.25% prolongs the duration of postopertive analgesia while maintaining hemodynamic stability. Clonidine 2µg/kg is safe & effective adjuvant in caudal block for paediatric lower abdominal and lower limb surgery

Evaluation of Dabur Refined Coconut Oil In Comparison With Untraded Oil

ABSTRACT Oils are the most important lipids found in nature. They are one of the thr ee major &apos;food factor&apos; needed for human body, the other two being proteins and carbohydrates. Oils are widely distributed in foods and are of great nutritional value. Coconut oil is also of great nutritional value and as well as therapeutic values. Many oils are available in the market with different brand name. These oils are variable in quality and some are liable to adulteration by cheaper varieties. It is not, as a rule, possible to judge the purity of oil by a determination of any one chemical constituents, and the evidence of quality is usually dependent upon determination of various tests such as refractive index, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiabl e matter, peroxide value, etc. In order to ensure the safety of consumer the concern authorities like who has prescribed some specification for coconut oil. Our evaluation studies on different brand of coconut oil shows that the quality of coconut oil manufacture by Dabur India Pvt. Ltd. is of superior quality than other branded and untraded locally available coconut oil

Mortality risk of long-term amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation patients without structural heart disease

Background: Amiodarone is often prescribed in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) but is known to cause significant end-organ toxicities. In this study, we examined the impact of amiodarone on all-cause mortality in AF patients with structurally normal hearts. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all AF patients with structurally normal hearts who were prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) for rhythm control of AF at our institution from 2006 to 2013 (n = 2,077). Baseline differences between the amiodarone (AMIO: n = 403) and other AADs (NON-AMIO: n = 1,674) groups were corrected for using propensity score matching. Results: Amiodarone use as first-line therapy decreased significantly with a higher degree of prescriber specialization in arrhythmia management (31%, 22%, and 9% for primary care physicians, general cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). After propensity score matching, baseline comorbidities were balanced between the AMIO and NON-AMIO groups. Over a median follow-up of 28.2 months (range 6.0–100.9 months), amiodarone was associated with increased all-cause (HR 2.41, p = 0.012) and non-cardiac (HR 3.55, p = 0.008) mortality, but not cardiac mortality. AF recurrence and cardiac hospi­talizations were similar between the two study groups. Conclusions: Amiodarone treatment of AF is associated with increased mortality in patients without structural heart disease and therefore should be avoided or only used as a second-line therapy, when other AF therapies fail. Adherence to guideline recommendations in the management of AF patients impacts clinical outcome

A community based cross sectional study of prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight

Introduction: Birth weight is an independent and an important factor that affects mortality, morbidity and growth and development during infancy and later life. India is accounting for 40% of the global Burdon of low birth weight babies. Multiple causative factors identified to be responsible for low birth weight. Aims &amp; objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight babies. 2. To study the association of maternal factors with birth weight. Method:The present community based cross sectional study conducted to among the urban population of Rajkot city and identify the determinants of low birth weight. Sampling population was selected by multistage sampling method. Investigator collected history of low birth weight and other determinants by verification of records and examination by house to house visit. Result:The prevalence of low birth was found 19.6. The factors like sex of the baby, birth order, birth spacing, maternal age, maternal education, regular antenatal check-up and mother’s weight gain during pregnancy were found significant determinants of LBW. Conclusion:The prevalence of low birth was high in urban area require multipronged strategy. The primary health care can diminish the determinant of the low birth weight by adequate birth interval, two-child norms, regular antenatal check-up, supplementary nutrition to mother, female literacy etc