Uterine Perforation With Subtotal Small Bowel Prolapse – A Rare Complication of Dilatation and Curettage

Uterine perforation is the well known complication of induced abortion. We report a rare case of uterine perforation with subtotal prolapse of small bowel following first trimester abortion by an unqualified physician. Early surgical exploration with resection and anastomosis of bowel performed. Patient discharged uneventfully after postoperative recovery

Modulation of morphology and efficacy of new CB1 receptor antagonist using simple and benign polymeric additives

The compound 1, [(1H-[1]benzoxepino[5,4-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 8-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-N-1-piperidinyl], a known CB1 modulator has been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and single Crystal X-ray study. The single crystal study of 1 displays a number of halogen bonds leading to 1-D network along with other weak non-covalent interactions. The CB1 modulator 1 inherently possesses extremely low solubility in water, which makes its application as drug difficult, and this may be attributed to multiple halogen bonds present in the crystal structure. A series of polymer additives, which are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS), have been explored to investigate whether they can modulate the halogen bond present in 1 through formation of various non-bonded interactions. Surprisingly, these polymers are found to change crystal morphology, crystal packing while retaining efficacy and bioavailability. The polymer molecular weight is found to play a significant role in crystal morphology modification especially in case of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The formation of new polymorphic forms of 1 and modification of halogen bond has been established using powder X-ray diffraction and IR study, respectively, in case of PEG 4000, PVPK-30, PVA polymers and compound 1 adducts.

Modulation of morphology and efficacy of new CB1 receptor antagonist using simple and benign polymeric additives

1014-1021The compound 1, [(1H-[1]benzoxepino[5,4-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 8-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-N- 1-piperidinyl], a known CB1 modulator has been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and single Crystal X-ray study. The single crystal study of 1 displays a number of halogen bonds leading to 1-D network along with other weak noncovalent interactions. The CB1 modulator 1 inherently possesses extremely low solubility in water, which makes its application as drug difficult, and this may be attributed to multiple halogen bonds present in the crystal structure. A series of polymer additives, which are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS), have been explored to investigate whether they can modulate the halogen bond present in 1 through formation of various non-bonded interactions. Surprisingly, these polymers are found to change crystal morphology, crystal packing while retaining efficacy and bioavailability. The polymer molecular weight is found to play a significant role in crystal morphology modification especially in case of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The formation of new polymorphic forms of 1 and modification of halogen bond has been established using powder X-ray diffraction and IR study, respectively, in case of PEG 4000, PVPK-30, PVA polymers and compound 1 adducts

Estimation of critical end-test torque using neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps in humans

Characterization of critical power/torque (CP/CT) during voluntary exercise requires maximal effort, making difficult for those with neuromuscular impairments. To address this issue we sought to determine if electrically stimulated intermittent isometric exercise resulted in a critical end-test torque (ETT) that behaved similar to voluntary CT. In the first experiment participants (n = 9) completed four bouts of stimulated exercise at a 3:2 duty cycle, at frequencies of 100, 50, 25 Hz, and a low frequency below ETT (Sub-ETT; ≤ 15 Hz). The second experiment (n = 20) consisted of four bouts at a 2:2 duty cycle—two bouts at 100 Hz, one at an intermediate frequency (15–30 Hz), and one at Sub-ETT. The third experiment (n = 12) consisted of two bouts at 50 Hz at a 3:2 duty* cycle with proximal blood flow occlusion during one of the bouts. ETT torque was similar (p ≥ 0.43) within and among stimulation frequencies in experiment 1. No fatigue was observed during the Sub-ETT bouts (p > 0.05). For experiment 2, ETT was similar at 100 Hz and at the intermediate frequency (p ≥ 0.29). Again, Sub-ETT stimulation did not result in fatigue (p > 0.05). Altering oxygen delivery by altering the duty cycle (3:2 vs. 2:2; p = 0.02) and by occlusion (p < 0.001) resulted in lower ETT values. Stimulated exercise resulted in an ETT that was consistent from day-to-day and similar regardless of initial torque, as long as that torque exceeded ETT, and was sensitive to oxygen delivery. As such we propose it represents a parameter similar to voluntary CT