Application of metastable curve and crystal anisotropic for understanding tablet performance of pharmaceutical materials

Tablets are the most preferred drug delivery dosage from compares to all other delivery forms. Tablet sizes are very important to consider with respect to the patient compliance. During the early development stage, it is very important to screen out the material based on their compressibility at each plane for further formulation. There are mainly three type of crystallization method like evaporation, cooling, and antisolvent method. Slow cooling method is a useful method to determine the crystal property at a different temperature point. Metastable curves assist in identifying the nucleation point of crystal during cooling method. A limited quantity of the drug and time constraint makes it difficult to adopt trial and error techniques for optimizing tablet formulations using directly compressible excipients. Hence, characterizing the compression properties of API is desirable in the early development stage. Single macro size crystal was nucleated at a different temperature point using a slow cooling method. These crystal x, y, and z plane were identified by using the simulated PXRD pattern from the Mercury software. Crystal characterized using PXRD, DSC, and TGA. A compression stage was mounted in a x-ray diffractor for microscopic studies of crystal. Microscopic studies showed that the crystal nucleated from 65 °C saturated solution was having low Young’s moduli compared to crystal nucleated at a 55 °C. Compaction simulator were used to calculate the macroscopic level studies of crystal. Force-Displacement data were used to calculate the Heckel analysis and Work-related parameters. Elastic recovery of tablet was affecting the strength of a tablet

An elitist teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm for solving complex constrained optimization problems

Nature inspired population based algorithms is a research field which simulates different natural phenomena to solve a wide range of problems. Researchers have proposed several algorithms considering different natural phenomena. Teaching-Learning-based optimization (TLBO) is one of the recently proposed population based algorithm which simulates the teaching-learning process of the class room. This algorithm does not require any algorithm-specific control parameters. In this paper, elitism concept is introduced in the TLBO algorithm and its effect on the performance of the algorithm is investigated. The effects of common controlling parameters such as the population size and the number of generations on the performance of the algorithm are also investigated. The proposed algorithm is tested on 35 constrained benchmark functions with different characteristics and the performance of the algorithm is compared with that of other well known optimization algorithms. The proposed algorithm can be applied to various optimization problems of the industrial environment

Evaluation of Bacteriological Contamination Pattern of Open Fractures of Extremities- A Study from Tertiary Centre at Western India

Background and Aim: In underdeveloped countries, open fractures are fairly prevalent. Open fractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including a car accident, a fall from a great height, a gunshot, an attack, machine injuries, and others. Infection is a typical side effect of open fractures. The goal of our study was to describe the pattern of bacterial contamination, antibiotic susceptibility, and possible antibiotic resistance in open fractures that arrived at our institute within 6 hours after injury. Material and Methods: A one-year prospective study was undertaken on 200 patients with open fractures of the extremities admitted to the accident and emergency department of Tertiary Care Teaching Institute of India. The first swab is obtained at the primary wound assessment, followed by the second culture swab shortly after debridement, the third culture swab on the day of the first aseptic dressing, and the fourth culture swab if the infection persists or the asepsis score is greater than 20 for a period of four days. Reports on culture and sensitivity were collected in order to analyse the pattern of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity. Results: The majority of the patients in this study were men (83%). We discovered 144 (72%) open fractures in the lower limb, with the tibia being the most often fractured bone, with 76 (38%) occurrences with right sided predominance (58%). Out of 200 patients, 78 (39%) had Gustilo II open fractures, followed by type IIIA (33%). Pre-debridement swabs were collected from all 200 patients with open fractures of the extremities upon admission. 26 (13%) of the patients were determined to be culture positive. Conclusion: In the therapy of patients with open fractures of the extremities, cultures acquired during the first aseptic dressing are considerably more predictive than pre- and post-debridement cultures, and are important in developing an antibiotic policy. It is thus recommended that cultures acquired during the first aseptic dressing provide direction in the selection of antimicrobial therapy, which, when paired with complete wound debridement, will allow for early wound closure and fewer problems

Outcome of the patients who underwent minimally invasive screw fixation for calcaneal fracture: an institutional study

Background: Calcaneal fractures account for 2% of all fractures with approximately 65-75% intra-articular. The aim of the present study is to determine the outcome of the patients who underwent minimally invasive screw fixation for calcaneal fracture in our institute.Methods: The present study was performed in 31 patients who underwent closed reduction and fixations with screw in this institute for the duration of 2 years were included in this study. Present study was conducted to determine the functional outcome of patients with calcaneal fractures treated with minimally invasive fixation of fractures with cancellous screws after indirect reduction with JESS or manual reduction or with Steinmen pin.Results: The average age of the patients was 44.14 years, ranging from 16 to 74 years, 28 patients were males and 3 were female. The AOFAS score at last follow up was 78.05 this improvement was also significant statistically (p<0.05). The mean Bohler angle at the last radiographic evaluation was 32.87°. The complications noted were proud implant with superficial wound infection in one, deep infection in 2 patients and delay in wound healing in 2 patients, persistent pedal edema in 2 patients.Conclusions: ORIF of calcaneal fractures is associated with high skin complications and comorbidities. Percutaneous screw fixation has fewer skin complications and can have satisfactory functional outcome. JESS or similar external fixator can be used intraoperatively for achieving reduction through ligamentotaxis

Creationa and Assessment of Dry Powder Inhalation Formulations of Gamma Oryzanol Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles

Gamma oryzanol is an antioxidant and anticancer medication that is taken orally by a traditional method. It comes from plants. Its utility is nonetheless restricted by its erratic absorption and frequent administration. An alternative method that can maintain the release of Gamma Oryzanol in the lungs for several hours was considered: giving the drug via the pulmonary route as nanoparticles. Gamma Oryzanol was coated with chitosan, a biodegradable polymer, and then freeze-dried to create a dry powder inhaler (DPI) with an aerodynamic particle size of 1.54μm. Initial burst release was seen in an in vitro release investigation, which was followed by continuous release up to 97.51% in 24 hours. In vivo research and in vitro release showed further correlation. After a single dosage was administered, the prepared DPI enhanced the Gamma Oryzanol via pulmonary route residence in the lung tissue for more than 24 hours and sustained the Gamma Oryzanol through pulmonary pathway concentration above MIC for more than 12 hours. A decrease in the amount administered in the lungs was also seen in an animal investigation; this will help with tumour treatment

Synthesis and characterization of interpenetrating polymer networks from transesterified castor oil based polyurethane and polystyrene

AbstractA series of two component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) of modified castor oil based polyurethane (PU) and polystyrene (PS) were prepared by the sequential method. Castor oil was modified by triethanolamine by means of transesterification and designated as transesterified castor oil (TCO). The polyurethane network was prepared from transesterified castor oil (TCO) with the isophoronediisocyanates (IPDI) by using dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Simultaneously styrene was added with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator and N,N′-Dimehtylaniline as coinitiator. Diallylphthalate was added as a crosslinking agent to form IPN and finally cast into films. To cast the film, the mixture (IPN) was poured in the glass cavity with pourable viscosity free from air bubbles. A series of two component interpenetrating polymer networks were prepared by varying % weight ratio of both polyurethane and polystyrene. These films were characterized by FT-IR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), morphology was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR have given the conformation of IPN formation. DMA results have shown much increase in the value of tanδ and a decrease in the value of Tg by increasing the anount of Styrene

Delayed Manifestation of Transurethral Syndrome as a Complication of Transurethral Prostatic Resection

Metabolic encephalopathy as a part of ‘transurethral syndrome’ is an immediate complication following transurethral resection of prostate. It occurs during or few hours after the surgery. However, delayed manifestation of this complication is rare. It is also possible that pretreatment with diuretics can exaggerate this problem by predisposing the patient to electrolyte abnormalities. Here we present a report of such a patient who manifested with neurological complications six days after the prostate surger