In vivo evaluation of tissue response to new endodontic sealers

Introduction: The sealers can be in direct contact with the periapical tissues. Thus, these materials must have appropriate physical and biological properties, providing conditions for repair to occur. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of rat subcutaneous tissue to endodontics sealers. Material and methods: Three materials comprised the groups: group I – Zinc Oxide, Eugenol and Iodoform paste, group II – Portland cement with propylene glycol, and group III – MTA Fillapex® (Angelus). These materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats for seven and 15 days. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated regarding to inflammatory reaction parameters through a light microscope. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of 5%. The intensity of inflammatory response against the sealers was analyzed by two blinded and previously calibrated observers for all experimental periods. Results: The histological evaluation showed that all the materials caused a moderated inflammatory reaction at seven days which decreased with time. A greater inflammatory reaction was observed at seven days in group I. The other specimens had significantly less inflammatory cells when compared to this group. Tubes with MTA Fillapex® presented some giant cells, macrophages and lymphocytes after seven days. At 15 days, the presence of fibroblasts and collagen fibers was observed indicating normal tissue healing. The group II showed similar results to those observed in MTA Fillapex® already at seven days. At 15 days the inflammatory reaction presented was almost absent at the tissue, with many collagen fibers indicating normal tissue healing. Statistical analysis showed a significant statistical difference amongst the group I (seven days) and II (15 days) (p < 0.05). In the other groups no (Continue)(Continuation) significant statistical differences were observed. Conclusion: MTA Fillapex® and Portland cement with propylene glycol were more biocompatible than the other tested cement

Prevalence, cause and location of palatal fistula in operated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: retrospective study

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência de fístula após cirurgia de palato em indivíduos com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral (FTIU) e verificar a localização e associação entre a prevalência dessas fístulas com possíveis fatores causais. Foi realizada análise retrospectiva em prontuários e fotografias pertencentes a 589 indivíduos matriculados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), que foram submetidos à palatoplastia com idades entre 12 e 36 meses, por meio da técnica de von Langenbeck , em tempo único, pela equipe de cirurgiões plásticos, no período de janeiro de 2003 na julho de 2007. A amplitude da fissura foi classificada em estreita (E), regular (R) e ampla (A), visualmente, por meio de fotografias iniciais pré-cirúrgicas. Para a localização das fístulas foram consideradas as regiões: palato anterior, região média do palato, área de transição (junção entre palato duro e mole) e palato mole. A prevalência de fístula foi de 27%, com um maior número de fístulas localizadas na região do palato anterior (37,11%). O teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado (2) demonstrou associação estatística significativa (p0,05) entre a presença de fístula e a amplitude inicial da fissura (p=0,0003), habilidade do cirurgião (p=0,019), intercorrências transcirúrgicas (p=0,0037) e pós-cirúrgicas mediatas (0,000002). Em vista dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a alta prevalência de fístula encontrada neste estudo evidencia a necessidade de revisão dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados para uma possível adequação de protocolo e principalmente padronização da documentação. Desta forma contribui-se para redução de custos e melhora na qualidade do tratamento, uma vez que essas fístulas interferem na reabilitação dos pacientes, causando prejuízos funcionais relacionados à fala, deglutição e audição, bem como exigem a repetição dos procedimentos cirúrgicos que podem causar seqüelas no crescimento maxilofacial.This study evaluated the prevalence of fistula after palate repair in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and analyzed the location and association between the prevalence of these fistulas and possible causal factors. The prevalence of palatal fistula was retrospectively analyzed in records of 589 individuals registered at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), who were submitted to palate repair at the age of 12 to 36 months by the von Langenbeck technique in a single stage by the plastic surgery team of the hospital, during the period January 2003 to July 2007. The study comprised analysis of patient records and photographs from the files of HRAC-USP and data were collected in a form designed for this study. The cleft width was visually classified as Narrow (N), Regular (R) and Wide (W) on the initial preoperative photographs. The following regions were considered for the location of fistulas: anterior region of the palate, medium region of the palate, transition area (between hard and soft palate) and soft palate. The prevalence of fistula was 27%, with greater number of fistulas at the anterior region of the palate (37.11%). The chi-square statistical test (2) demonstrated statistically significant association (p0.05) between the presence of fistula and the initial cleft width (p=0.0003), surgeon skill (p=0.019), transoperative problems (p=0.0037) and postoperative problems (p=0.00002). Considering these results, the high prevalence of fistula found in this study evidences the need to revise the surgical procedures to allow the adequacy of protocols and especially standardize the records. This may contribute to reduce the costs and improve the quality of treatment, because these fistulas interfere with the rehabilitation of patients, causing functional damages related to speech, swallowing and hearing, and require repetition of surgical procedures that may cause sequels to maxillofacial growth