Peut-on faire confiance à l'administration ? Une analyse du concept de confiance, appliqué au secteur public

D'une manière générale, la confiance est un « lubrifiant » (Arrow, 1974) facilitant les relations sociales (eg Luhmann, 1968, Giddens, 1984, Zucker, 1986). D'un point de vue économique, un environnement institutionnel bénéficiant d'une confiance élevée serait corrélé avec la performance de l'économie nationale (eg Dyer and Chu, 2003). La confiance, en tant que capital social, permettrait et engendrerait des comportements altruistes et coopératifs impactant et soutenant la prospérité économique d'une communauté (Fukuyama, 1995). Dans un cadre organisationnel, la confiance engendre une communication plus ouverte et facilite l'échange d'information (eg Smith and Barclay, 1997, Currall and Judge, 1995), facilite la gestion des conflits (eg Blomqvist, 2002), l'apprentissage commun (eg Bijlsma-Frankema, 2004) ou diminue les coûts d'intégration (eg Bidault and Jarillo, 1995), par exemple

Crise à l'Université de Genève : une étude de cas

La crise de l'Université de Genève en 2006, dont les conséquences entraîneront la démission du rectorat et inciteront les autorités politiques à réformer l'Université, est caractéristique des crises liées à la divulgation et à la gestion de l'information, situations dans lesquelles gestion et communication de crise ne peuvent pas être dissociées. Ce type de situations est de plus en plus fréquent et a surtout des conséquences importantes dans la confiance que peuvent avoir les citoyens par rapport aux institutions politiques et administratives, les conséquences matérielles ou les dommages à des personnes étant généralement très limités. Cette contribution, par l'analyse des publications de 3 quotidiens et d'un journal dominical, ainsi que des documents et communications officiels au cours de la période de crise et des mois suivants, vise principalement à mettre en évidence les caractéristiques et les erreurs liées à ce type de crises vu sous l'angle de la communication média. Die Krise der Universität Genf im Jahre 2006, welche den Rücktritt des gesamten Rektorats zur Folge hatte und die Universitätsreform durch die Behörden vorantrieb, weist die typischen Merkmale einer Krise auf, welche mit der Informationsverbreitung und deren Management verknüpft ist. Dies sind Situationen in welchen das Krisenmanagement und die Krisenkommunikation nicht voneinander getrennt werden sollten. Solche Ereignisse sind immer häufiger und können bedeutende Konsequenzen für das Vertrauen der Bürger und Bürgerinnen in die politischen Institutionen haben. Indessen sind materielle Auswirkungen oder personelle Schädigungen sehr beschränkt. Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Analyse dreier Tageszeitungen und einer Sonntagszeitung sowie offiziellen Dokumenten und Medienmitteilungen, welche während der Krise und einige Monate danach publiziert wurden. Der Bericht erläutert und unterstreicht, anhand einer medienkommunikativen Sichtweise, die Merkmale und Fehler, welche mit einer solchen Krise in Zusammenhang stehen

Can the administration be trusted? An analysis of the concept of trust, applied to the public sector

In the first part of this paper, we present the various academic debates and, where applicable, questions that remain open in the literature, particularly regarding the nature of trust, the distinction between trust and trustworthiness, its role in specific relationships and its relationship to control. We then propose a way of demarcating and operationalizing the concepts of trust and trustworthiness. In the second part, on the basis of the conceptual clarifications we present, we put forward a number of "anchor points" regarding how trust is apprehended in the public sector with regard to the various relations hips that can be studied. Schematically, we distinguish between two types of relations hips in the conceptual approach to trust: on one hand, the trust that citizens, or third parties, place in the State or in various public sector authorities or entities, and on the other hand, trust within the State or the public sector, between its various authorities, entities, and actors. While studies have traditionally focused on citizens' trust in their institutions, the findings, limitations and problems observed in public - sector coordination following the reforms associated with New Public Management have also elicited growing interest in the study of trust in the relationships between the various actors within the public sector. Both the theoretical debates we present and our propositions have been extracted and adapted from an empirical comparative study of coordination between various Swiss public - service organizations and their politico - administrative authority. Using the analysis model developed for this specific relationship, between various actors within the public service, and in the light of theoretical elements on which development of this model was based, we propose some avenues for further study - questions that remain open - regarding the consideration and understanding of citizens' trust in the public sector

L'autonomie fait-elle l'agence ?

Le modèle de l'agence et le phénomène d'agentification du service public correspondant au cours de ces deux dernières décennies s'inscrit à l'origine dans les réformes associées à la Nouvelle Gestion Publique, dans une visée d'amélioration de la performance du secteur public, par une plus grande efficacité managériale (eg Pollitt et al., 2001). Le modèle est basé sur une logique contractuelle: l'autorité politique attribue un mandat à l'agence, l'agence délivre les prestations attendues ; celle-ci est ensuite contrôlée sur ses résultats. Afin de délivrer les prestations de manière efficiente et efficace, l'agence doit bénéficier d'une latitude et flexibilité substantielle dans l'utilisation de ces ressources, c'est-à-dire d'un affranchissement (partiel) des règles et procédures bureaucratiques (eg Bouckaert, 2003)

Lattice realizations of unitary minimal modular invariant partition functions

The conformal spectra of the critical dilute A-D-E lattice models are studied numerically. The results strongly indicate that, in branches 1 and 2, these models provide realizations of the complete A-D-E classification of unitary minimal modular invariant partition functions given by Cappelli, Itzykson and Zuber. In branches 3 and 4 the results indicate that the modular invariant partition functions factorize. Similar factorization results are also obtained for two-colour lattice models.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, with minor corrections and clarification

On the Classification of Bulk and Boundary Conformal Field Theories

The classification of rational conformal field theories is reconsidered from the standpoint of boundary conditions. Solving Cardy's equation expressing the consistency condition on a cylinder is equivalent to finding integer valued representations of the fusion algebra. A complete solution not only yields the admissible boundary conditions but also gives valuable information on the bulk properties.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX; minor correction

The Blob Algebra and the Periodic Temperley-Lieb Algebra

We determine the structure of two variations on the Temperley-Lieb algebra, both used for dealing with special kinds of boundary conditions in statistical mechanics models. The first is a new algebra, the `blob' algebra (the reason for the name will become obvious shortly!). We determine both the generic and all the exceptional structures for this two parameter algebra. The second is the periodic Temperley-Lieb algebra. The generic structure and part of the exceptional structure of this algebra have already been studied. Here we complete the analysis, using results from the study of the blob algebra.Comment: 12 page

Factors associated with quality of life in elderly hospitalised patients undergoing post-acute rehabilitation: a cross-sectional analytical study in Switzerland.

We investigated whether biopsychosocial and spiritual factors and satisfaction with care were associated with patients' perceived quality of life. This was a cross-sectional analytical study. Data were collected from inpatients at a postacute geriatric rehabilitation centre in a university hospital in Switzerland. Participants aged 65 years and over were consecutively recruited from October 2014 to January 2016. Exclusion criteria included significant cognitive disorder and terminal illness. Of 227 eligible participants, complete data were collected from 167. Perceived quality of life was measured using WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire-version for older people. Predictive factors were age, sex, functional status at admission, comorbidities, cognitive status, depressive symptoms, living conditions and satisfaction with care. A secondary focus was the association between spiritual needs and quality of life. Patients undergoing geriatric rehabilitation experienced a good quality of life. Greater quality of life was significantly associated with higher functional status (r <sub>s</sub> =0.204, p=0.011), better cognitive status (r <sub>s</sub> =0.175, p=0.029) and greater satisfaction with care (r <sub>s</sub> =0.264, p=0.003). Poorer quality of life was significantly associated with comorbidities (r <sub>s</sub> =-.226, p=0.033), greater depressive symptoms (r <sub>s</sub> =-.379, p<0.001) and unmet spiritual needs ( <i>r</i> <sub>s</sub> =-.211, p=0.049). Multivariate linear regression indicated that depressive symptoms (β=-0.961; 95% CIs -1.449 to 0.472; p<0.001) significantly predicted quality of life. Patient perceptions of quality of life were significantly associated with depression. More research is needed to assess whether considering quality of life could improve care plan creation

A Quasi-Hopf algebra interpretation of quantum 3-j and 6-j symbols and difference equations

We consider the universal solution of the Gervais-Neveu-Felder equation in the ${\cal U}_q(sl_2)$ case. We show that it has a quasi-Hopf algebra interpretation. We also recall its relation to quantum 3-j and 6-j symbols. Finally, we use this solution to build a q-deformation of the trigonometric Lam\'e equation.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure