Межъязыковые компьютерные исследования и приложения для славянских языков: технологические и геополитические аспекты

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Samarqand’s Congregational Mosque of Bibi Khanum as a Representation of Timurid Legitimacy and Rulership

The Bibi Khanum Congregational Mosque is the largest Timurid monument in Samarqand. Commissioned by Timur himself after his military campaign in India in 1399, the architecture of the mosque can be interpreted as a visual representation of Timur’s ambitions to surpass the architectural achievements of the preceding Islamic dynasties. Striving for political legitimacy beyond the legacy of Chinggis Khan, Timur imitated and even exceeded the monumental scale of the architectural ensembles in the Ilkhanid capitals of Tabriz and Sultaniyya. In an attempt to ensure the continuity of the Timurid dynasty, Timur’s successors adopted Yuan iconography and visual vocabulary so as to forge an ancestral and artistic genealogy that directly related the Timurids with the Mongols via the aesthetic legacy of the Ilkhanids and the Yuan. Their cultural production thus secured the continuity of the Timurid royal patrons as just successors of Chinggis Khan.

Шестая международная конференция RANLP-2007 (Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing)

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Extracting Patient-Related Description from Medical Records in Bulgarian

This paper deals with the extraction of medical information from hospital patient records. It proposes a cascade approach for the extraction of multi-layer knowledge statements because the subject is too complex. We sketch the Information Extraction view to text analysis, where patient-related facts are recognised using predefined regular expressions and templates. A laboratory prototype for patient status ex- traction is presented together with the first evaluation results

BCL11B is a general transcriptional repressor of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat in T lymphocytes through recruitment of the NuRD complex

AbstractIn this study we provide evidence that the transcription factor BCL11B represses expression from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in T lymphocytes through direct association with the HIV-1 LTR. We also demonstrate that the NuRD corepressor complex mediates BCL11B transcriptional repression of the HIV-1 LTR. In addition, BCL11B and the NuRD complex repressed TAT-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR in T lymphocytes, pointing to a potential role in initiation of silencing. In support of all the above results, we demonstrate that BCL11B affects HIV-1 replication and virus production, most likely by blocking LTR transcriptional activity. BCL11B showed specific repression for the HIV-1 LTR sequences isolated from seven different HIV-1 subtypes, demonstrating that it is a general transcriptional repressor for all LTRs

Palmitic Acid Analogs Exhibit Nanomolar Binding Affinity for the HIV-1 CD4 Receptor and Nanomolar Inhibition of gp120-to-CD4 Fusion

Background: We recently reported that palmitic acid (PA) is a novel and efficient CD4 fusion inhibitor to HIV-1 entry and infection. In the present report, based on in silico modeling of the novel CD4 pocket that binds PA, we describe discovery of highly potent PA analogs with increased CD4 receptor binding affinities (Kd) and gp120-to-CD4 inhibition constants (Ki). The PA analogs were selected to satisfy Lipinski’s rule of drug-likeness, increased solubility, and to avoid potential cytotoxicity. Principal Findings: PA analog 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) was most efficacious with Kd,74 nM and Ki,122 nM, ascorbyl palmitate (6-AP) exhibited slightly higher Kd,140 nM and Ki,354 nM, and sucrose palmitate (SP) was least efficacious binding to CD4 with Kd,364 nM and inhibiting gp120-to-CD4 binding with Ki,1486 nM. Importantly, PA and its analogs specifically bound to the CD4 receptor with the one to one stoichiometry. Significance: Considering observed differences between K i and K d values indicates clear and rational direction for improving inhibition efficacy to HIV-1 entry and infection. Taken together this report introduces a novel class of natural small molecules fusion inhibitors with nanomolar efficacy of CD4 receptor binding and inhibition of HIV-1 entry

Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme

BACKGROUND: The high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. Products derived from natural sources have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication during various stages of the virus life cycle, and therefore represent a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. To expand our arsenal of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection, we investigated aqueous extract from Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) for ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the periphery, in T cells and human macrophages, and for ability to inhibit in the central nervous system (CNS), in microglia and astrocytes. RESULTS: S. fusiforme extract blocked HIV-1 infection and replication by over 90% in T cells, human macrophages and microglia, and it also inhibited pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) infection in human astrocytes by over 70%. Inhibition was mediated against both CXCR4 (X4) and CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1, was dose dependant and long lasting, did not inhibit cell growth or viability, was not toxic to cells, and was comparable to inhibition by the nucleoside analogue 2', 3'-didoxycytidine (ddC). S. fusiforme treatment blocked direct cell-to-cell infection spread. To investigate at which point of the virus life cycle this inhibition occurs, we infected T cells and CD4-negative primary human astrocytes with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which bypasses the HIV receptor requirements. Infection by pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) was also inhibited in a dose dependant manner, although up to 57% less, as compared to inhibition of native NL4-3, indicating post-entry interferences. CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating S. fusiforme to be a potent inhibitor of highly productive HIV-1 infection and replication in T cells, in primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. Results with VSV/NL4-3 infection, suggest inhibition of both entry and post-entry events of the virus life cycle. Absence of cytotoxicity and high viability of treated cells also suggest that S. fusiforme is a potential source of novel naturally occurring antiretroviral compounds that inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication at more than one site of the virus life cycle

Second Language Acquisition from Aligned Corpora

The paper describes a system for automatic aligning and searching for translation equivalents in large bilingual corpora. This implementation was developed to facilitate our tasks in GLOSSER #343 Copernicus '94 Joint Research Project, where Linguistic Modeling Laboratory was charged especially with preparation of bilingual material. The GaleChurch algorithm is chosen as aligning procedure for parallel texts. The main functional characteristics of our system MARK ALISTeR (MARKing, ALIgning and Searching TRanslation equivalents ) are described. The program package can be used under MS Windows as an autonomous procedure of second language acquisition and CALL instrument. Evaluation of the results and the alignment errors of the algorithm and the tool is presented for different types of texts. 1 Introduction Large corpora are a well recognized basic resource for linguistic knowledge acquisition. When they are parallel and aligned, their role of text support for second language learning i..