Forecast and impact of electromobility development on the Polish Electric Power System

Thanks to the development of technology, the presence of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads is no longer a purely theoretical issue. Also in Poland, electric cars are already visible on the streets, and charging stations (EVCS) are increasingly being installed near newly emerging buildings and housing estates. The article attempts to determine to what extent the use of electric cars will affect the demand for power and energy in the Polish electric power system (PEPS). The basis for PEPS modernization plans should be a detailed analysis of the technical adequacy of all its subsystems: generation, transmission and distribution, on the basis of which it will be possible to assess the potential impact of EVCS infrastructure operation on the Polish electric power system. This publication presents an example of such analysis for the distribution sub- sector, most exposed to potential negative interactions with the future, extensive infrastructure of EVCS

Wytwarzanie energii elektrycznej

Bibliografia na stronach 331-334.Wyd. 2 popr. i rozszerz.334 str. : il.Warszawahttp://www.biblos.pk.edu.pl/ST/2019/04/100000320718/100000320718_Paska_WytwarzanieEnergii.pdfhttp://www.nukat.edu.pl/nukat/icov/GD015/xx004542597.jpghttp://wbg2.bg.agh.edu.pl/han/ibuk/libra.ibuk.pl/book/224201podręcznikwersja wydawnicz

Reliability of Power Units in Poland and the World

One of a power system’s subsystems is the generation subsystem consisting of power units, the reliability of which to a large extent determines the reliability of the power system and electricity supply to consumers. This paper presents definitions of the basic indices of power unit reliability used in Poland and in the world. They are compared and analysed on the basis of data published by the Energy Market Agency (Poland), NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation – USA), and WEC (World Energy Council). Deficiencies and the lack of a unified national system for collecting and processing electric power equipment unavailability data are also indicated

Time-Series PV Hosting Capacity Assessment with Storage Deployment

Europe aims to diversify energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. On this field, large PV power growth is observed that may cause problems in existing networks. This paper examines the impact of distributed PV systems on voltage quality in a low voltage feeder in terms of the European standard EN 50160. As the standard defines allowable percentage of violation during one week period, time-series analyses are done to assess PV hosting capacity. The simulations are conducted with 10-minute step and comprise variable load profiles based on Gaussian Mixture Model and PV profiles based on a distribution with experimentally obtained parameters. In addition, the outcomes are compared with “snapshot” simulations. Next, it is examined how energy storage utilization affects the hosting capacity. Several deployments of energy storages are presented with different number and capacity. In particular, a greedy algorithm is proposed to determine the sub-optimal energy storage deployment based on the voltage deviation minimization. The simulations show that time-series analyses in comparison with snapshot analyses give completely different results and change the level of PV hosting capacity. Moreover, incorrect energy storage capacity selection and location may cause even deterioration of power quality in electrical systems with high RES penetration

Impact of wind turbines reliability models on the generation power system reliability

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Impact of wind turbines reliability models on the power generation system reliability

In this paper we describe the methodology of determining the reliability indices for power generating subsystem. We analyse then influence of the considered wind power plant reliability modelling on system reliability. The proposed reliability model of wind power plant is two-state model as compromise between calculation time and accuracy. We have found an empirical relationship between the power system reliability index LOLE (Loss of Load Expectation) and reserve capacity margin for a given wind share. This allowed us to estimate the required minimal reserve capacity margin for a given level of power system security and for a known structure of system installed capacity

A concept of an electricity storage system with 50 MWh storage capacity

Electricity storage devices can be divided into indirect storage technology devices (involving electricity conversion into another form of energy), and direct storage (in an electric or magnetic fi eld). Electricity storage technologies include: pumped-storage power plants, BES Battery Energy Storage, CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage, Supercapacitors, FES Flywheel Energy Storage, SMES Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, FC Fuel Cells reverse or operated in systems with electrolysers and hydrogen storage. These technologies have diff erent technical characteristics and economic parameters that determine their usability. This paper presents two concepts of an electricity storage tank with a storage capacity of at least 50 MWh, using the BES battery energy storage and CAES compressed air energy storage technologies

Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources in Poland as a Part of Commitment to the Polish and EU Energy Policy

The aim of this paper is to present the state of development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland in accordance with the obligations of European Union energy policy. The EU Member States are obliged to adopt different support mechanisms for the development of renewable energy sources, and in consequence to achieve their Directive’s targets. Poland, being a Member State of the EU since 2004, has accepted a target of a 15% share of energy generated from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption, including 19.3% from renewable electricity until 2020. Due to the difficulties with target achievement, the authors found it reasonable to analyze the challenge of RES development in Poland. The article presents energy policy in the EU, as well as the review of measures implemented for renewable energy development. The current state of and perspectives on using renewable energy sources in Poland and in the EU are also depicted. In the article, the authors analyze the relation between reference prices at dedicated RES auctions in Poland and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The paper also provides a description of the renewable energy sources’ development in three areas: electricity, heat and transport biofuels. Its main content, though, refers to the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources

Autonomous Electrical Vehicles’ Charging Station

This paper presents a model of an autonomous electrical vehicles’ charging station. It consists of renewable energy sources: wind turbine system, photovoltaic cells, as well as an energy storage, load, and EV charging station. In order to optimise the operating conditions, power electronic converters were added to the system. The model was implemented in the Homer Energy programme. The first part of the paper presents the design assumptions and technological solutions. Further in the paper simulation results are discussed and analysed, and then problems observed in the simulation and possible solutions