Multivariate analyses of hepcidin levels according to different definitions of iron status.

<p><i>Abbreviations: TSAT, Transferrin saturation; CRP, C-reactive protein; BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion; AIC, Akaike information Criterion; Ref, reference class.</i></p><p><b>β±sd</b> Regression coefficients for the different iron indexes in the linear regression models of hepcidin values (square-root transformed).</p>1<p>Models were adjusted for measured glomerular filtration rate, gender, age, body mass index, albuminemia, erythropoietin, oral iron and centre.</p>2<p>Models for Lipschitz’s iron index and the four-class iron index were also adjusted for C-reactive protein (CRP) in two classes (≤8 vs >8 ng/mL).</p

Hepcidin concentration according to quintiles of ferritin (A), transferrin saturation (B) and total iron-binding capacity (C).

<p>Hepcidin concentration according to quintiles of ferritin (A), transferrin saturation (B) and total iron-binding capacity (C).</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>PCR: urinary protein to creatinine ratio; ACEi/ARBs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. WHO anemia: Hb <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women.</p

Hepcidin level according to categorial factors.

<p>CRP: C reactive protein; ACE/ARBs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.</p

Flowchart of study sample.

<p>Flowchart of study sample.</p

Crude and mGFR-adjusted Pearson’s correlations of square root-transformed hepcidin with quantitative factors.

<p>mGFR: measured glomerular filtration rate; BMI: body mass index; PCR: urinary protein to creatinine ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; EPO: erythropoietin; TIBC: total iron binding capacity; TSAT: transferrin saturation.</p

Linear mixed model analysis of factors associated with mean differences in the level (in mmol/24h) and change over time (in mmol/24h per year) in urinary creatinine excretion rate.

<p>*mean predicted level in urinary creatinine excretion rate in mmol/24h for 60-yr old non-African and non-diabetic men, with normal BMI (within 18.5 to 25 kg/m²), baseline mGFR of 40 ml/min/1.73 m², urinary urea of 400 mmol/d and proteinuria in the lowest quartiles.</p><p>** mean predicted change in urinary creatinine excretion rate in mmol/24h per year in men with stable mGFR and urinary urea, i.e., with no change in level from baseline.</p>†<p> 5 ml/min/1.73 m² per yr decrease in mGFR and 25 mmol/24h per yr decrease in urinary urea correspond to about three times the mean annual decrease for each variable.</p><p>Linear mixed model analysis of factors associated with mean differences in the level (in mmol/24h) and change over time (in mmol/24h per year) in urinary creatinine excretion rate.</p

Patient characteristics according to mGFR level in 1609 patients.

<p>Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; WBC, white blood cells; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p><p>Values are reported as %, mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).</p>a<p> Fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥6.5 or antidiabetic treatment or reported diabetes.</p>b<p> Venous CO2 <22 mmol/L or alkaline treatment.</p>c<p> Any antihypertensive treatment or systolic BP>140 or diastolic BP>90 mm Hg.</p><p>Patient characteristics according to mGFR level in 1609 patients.</p

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with low urinary creatinine excretion rate at baseline, by diabetes status.

<p>Abbreviations: OR (95% CI), odds-ratios and 95% confidence interval; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index.</p><p>Cut-off points of urinary urea were: <312.8 mmol/24h, 312.8–382.5 mmol/24h, 382.5–456.3 mmol/24h,>456.3 mmol/24 in men; <252.0 mmol/24h, 252.0–302.1 mmol/24h, 302.1–375.0 mmol/24h,>375.0 mmol/24h in women. Cut-off points of proteinuria urea were: <0.14 g/24h, 0.14–0.35 g/24h, 0.35–1.1 g/24,>1.1 g/24h in men; <0.12 g/24g, 0.12–0.21 g/24h, 0.21–0.89 g/24h,>0.89 g/24h in women.</p><p>*Multivariate adjustment, including center.</p><p>Multivariate analysis of factors associated with low urinary creatinine excretion rate at baseline, by diabetes status.</p

Percentages of low urinary creatinine excretion according to mGFR and eGFR level, by gender.

<p>Figure shows the percentage of patients with low creatinine excretion rates according to both measured (2A) and estimated (2B) glomerular filtration rate classes in men and women. Gender-specific thresholds were defined as the 10^th percentile of the urinary creatinine distribution in patients with mGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m².</p