Preparation of Anti-idiotype Antibody as Diagnostic Kit in Rabies Serological Test

Serology remains the only way to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination of humans and animals against rabies. Many techniques for determining the level of rabies antibodies have been described, and all of the methods used rabies viruses as antigen. Indeed attenuated viruses can revert to a more virulent form, and inactivated virus may produce serious side effects. Anti-idiotype Ab can induce protective immune response against rabies virus, its means that anti-idiotype Ab can be used as surrogate antigen in serological test.The aim of this study is to prepare the anti-idiotype antibody (anti-idiotype Ab) as diagnostic kit in rabies serological test. Polyclonal anti-idiotype Ab were prepared in laying chickens and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY. Rabbit anti dog immunoglobuline were prepared used New Zeeland White strain, and dog anti rabies serum were prepared from rabies immunized dog. For the preparation of the kit, it takes a few stages, i.e. the making of stocks A, stocks B and prototype diagnostic kit. Stocks A is a mixture of S. aureus Cowan I intact in solution of Tris Buffer HCl with rabbit anti dog serum in various comparisons (v/v). Stocks B is a mixture of rabies anti-idiotype Ab with rabies antibody (IgG anti rabies) are harvested from dog.Comparison of the obtained between whole S. aureus Cowan I and rabbit serum anti dog is 4~6:2~4. Optimization of stocks A and B based on the principle as follows: a merger of stocks A and B must not cause coagglutination. Formulation of aqueous stocks A and B will be a candidate when the diagnostic kits on the positive control produces coagglutination and negative controls do not produce coagglutination. The conclusions of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can used and prepared as kit diagnostic with the principle of coagglutination by utilizing A protein of S. aureus

Effect of School Community Empowerment Model Towards Handwashing Implementation Among Elementary School Students in Dayeuhkolot Subdistrict

Handwashing with soap behavior in Indonesia remains a problem. The cause is associated with lack of awareness in handwashing with soap. This study aimed to determine effect of school community empowerment on handwashing implementation among elementary school students in Dayeuhkolot Subdistrict, Bandung District. This study used quasi experimental design with pretest and posttest, also descriptive and inferential analysis. Samples consisted of 24 teachers, 377 students at 4th – 6th grade and 24 little doctors. The approach method in this study was using integrated school health effort (combined model of fit for school and selected school health effort) consisting of six stages. Instruments were knowledge questionnaires, observation and checklist sheets. Handwashing with soap was evaluated for three months. Results found that score of little doctors in good category increased in skill of handwashing with soap from 0% to 100%, the skill among the students improved in good category from 0% to 87.5%. School community empowerment affects on handwashing behavior among elementary school students