The Study of Cognitive Function and Related Factors in Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a common adverse consequence of heart failure. Both Heart failure and cognitive impairment are associated with frequent hospitalization and increased mortality, particularly when they occur simultaneously. Objectives: To determine cognitive function and related factors in patients with heart failure. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we assessed 239 patients with heart failure. Data were collected by Mini Mental status Examination, Charlson comorbidity index and NYHA classification system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean score of cognitive function was 21.68 ± 4.51. In total, 155 patients (64.9%) had cognitive impairment. Significant associations were found between the status of cognitive impairment and gender (P < 0.002), education level (P < 0.000), living location (P < 0.000), marital status (P < 0.03), living arrangement (P < 0.001 ), employment status (P < 0.000), income (P < 0.02), being the head of family (P < 0.03), the family size (P < 0.02), having a supplemental insurance (P < 0.003) and the patient’s comorbidities (P < 0.02). However, in logistic regression analysis, only education and supplementary insurance could predict cognitive status which indicates that patients with supplementary insurance and higher education levels were more likely to maintain optimal cognitive function. Conclusions: More than a half of the subjects had cognitive impairment. As the level of patients cognitive functioning affects their behaviors and daily living activities, it is recommended that patients with heart failure should be assessed for their cognitive functioning

The Relationship Between Living Environment and Life Satisfaction in Residents of Rasht City, North of Iran

Introduction: Life satisfaction reflects an individual�s overall feelings about life, influenced by various factors. Objective: This study aimed to identify and introduce the indices related to the living environment that affect life satisfaction. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1000 residents of 55 neighborhoods of Rasht City (north of Iran) by an analytical cross-sectional method. The participants were chosen with a multistage cluster sampling method. The study data were collected using questionnaires, including the residents� characteristics, indicators of the living environment, and the satisfaction with life scale. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics, including the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t test, analysis of variance, and linear regression. Results: Based on the present study results, the Mean±SD age of the subjects in the study was 43.73±15.55 years. The analysis showed that their level of life satisfaction was average Mean±SD: 19.41±7.63, range: 5-35). The regression analysis identified dissatisfaction of facilities (B=-0.366; 95CI: -0.434, -0.298; P=0.001), satisfaction with living in the local area (B=0.248; Cl: 0.123, 0.373; P=0.001), duration of residence (B: -0.364; 95CI: -0.625, -0.102; P=0.006) and gender (women compared to men) (B: 0.896; Cl: 0.011, 1.781; P=0.047) as the predictors of life satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results, the life satisfaction of our study participants was at a moderate level and was affected by living environment indicators, especially facilities. © 2021, Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery. All Rights Reserved